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Archive of Conference dedicated to the Foundation Day

Ramaz Abesadze
“Green” economiy: essence and challenges

Annotation: this work presents a study of the essence of the “green” economy and its importance for improving the well-being of people, its features in contrast to the traditional or “yellow” economy, investigated its relevance to the innovation economy, to the sustainable economic development, to the economic development and to the economic growth. It’s investigated the current level of development of the green economy in Georgia and its prospects.  Introduction  From the end of the 60s of the 20th century and the beginning of the 70s, humanity (society) begin to pay attention to the problems of environmental protection and the rational use of natural resources. In 1972, a world conference on nature protection was held in Stockholm, there was expressed a concern that at the current rate of economic growth, mankind was threatened a disaster. The conference had received program of “zero growth” that included both a decrease in
2019-06-17
Anzor AbralavaDavid Podiashvili
ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT TRENDS OF THE FIRM

Summary  In modern conditions, It should be considered the ecology laws and facts and their final results while getting any economic decision. “Ecology” as an independent field of knowledge, the people’s viewpoint about the surrounding world and relationship with it, appeared in the middle of the last century. Then the process of understanding the growing ecological crisis started. A healthy assessment of the established socio-economic system, community values system, its ideals for verification and analysis, also, in compliance of time requirements objectives of bringing the whole system of public development goals and means has  come before humanity. The goal of the economy is to raise the welfare of humanity, to satisfy his growing needs at the expense of using natural resources. Also it seems to us that natural supply is not diminishing and ecological crises created more periodically only in different parts of the planet, make us to think that we
2019-06-17
Elena Aleynikova
THE PRIORITIES OF STATE REGULATORY POLICY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

Summary  The basic priorities of economic policies aimed at improving the competitiveness of the economy. Defined option is to implement the state industrial policy. The tendencies of changes in regulatory policy and the impact of the administration in the sphere of industrial economic development. Participation of the state as a direct participant of economic processes, creator and performer of economic, legal, administrative rules, the initiator of reforms in the economic system was analyzed. The attention on the need to directions of state influence on the preservation of national production, suspending the current downturn, maintaining income and employment, recovery and development production was accented. The complex of measures for development of not capital-intensive industries with rapid turnover, which will fill the budget money, and the consumer goods market was defineded. The necessity of forming a modern model of the economic system, the inclusion of economy in
2019-06-17
Givi Bedianashvili
Formation of knowledge-based economy and green economy: socio-cultural ASPECT

Annotation. The article proposes the concept of the interconnection of a knowledge-based economy and a green economy. It deals with the basic aspects of the systemic concept of the formation of knowledge-based economy and the characteristics of the process of cognition and culture as a factor are presented. Issues about representing the systemic concept of getting scientific knowledge and the concept of cultural interaction are researched. It is mentioned that while considering the facts of culture in the process of building a knowledge-based economy special attention must be paid directly to the problem of deliberate perfection of business intelligence as anon-formal institution of business culture. Keywords: knowledge-based economy, green economy, cognition process, culture, monitoring of business culture parameters, systemic change of education and science.  Introduction The formation of the knowledge-based economy and green economy are interrelated problems (see, for
2019-06-17
Teimuraz Beridze
On a question of economic growth

Summary  Economic development looks at a wider range than GDP per capita. Economic development is concerned with how people are actually affected. It looks at their actual living standards and social conditions.    Measures of Economic development will look at: Real income per head – GDP per capita; Levels of literacy and education standards; Levels of health care (e.g. number of doctors per 1.000 population); Quality and availability of housing; Levels of environmental standards; Levels of infrastructure (transport, communication); Levels of corruption; Educational standards & labor productivity; Labor mobility; Flow of foreign aid & investment; Level of savings & investment;
2019-06-17
George Berulava
Eco-Innovations, Environmental Regulations and Firm’s Market Performance: A Brief Overview of the Interrelationship

The paper, based on the literature review, discusses the interrelationship between the environmental regulations, eco-innovations and firm’s market performance. In particular, the paper reviews the main theoretical underpinnings and examines the empirical evidence of this interrelationship. The review shows that eco-innovation can be considered as a crucial factor that on the one-hand enhance environmental situation and on the other mitigate negative economic impact of environmental regulations, making market performance of individual firms more efficient.  Keywords: eco-innovation, environmental policy, regulation, Porter Hypothesis, performance.  Recent period, the role of eco-innovations in attaining sustainable development goals become widely acknowledged among academicians and policymakers. The term of eco-innovation (also regarded by some authors as green or environmental innovation) is defined, in academic literature, as the process of developing novel goods,
2019-06-17
Vakhtang Burduli
IMPERATIVES AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF "GREEN" ECONOMY AND ITS INTERACTION WITH INNOVATIVE ECONOMY Summary

Currently, the world community is actively promoting the issue of building a “green” economy, which should gradually replace for many decades the existing “brown” economy, causing serious damage to the human environment and inducing major threats to the normal existence of modern and especially future generations. In this regard, this paper examines the motivations (imperatives) that have necessitated a gradual transition to development according to the principles of a "green" economy, and discussed the directions of its development. To understand the essence of the "green" economy, the work firstly formulated and justified the imperatives (incentives) that necessitate its development, including: due to climate change and the depletion of non-renewable resources, the need for a gradual transition (as far as possible) from electricity generation hydrocarbon fuels for generation from alternative renewable energy sources; reversing land degradation and present
2019-06-17
Ибрагим Гадим оглы Гулиев
There are different methodological approaches to evaluating public investment projects

Summary It is related to the use of state budget funds in the implementation of these projects. In addition, the methodology of accounting for currency, pricing, inflation and risk factors further aggravates. The article presented depends on the state of the country's economy the mechanism of complex use of theoretical knowledge, methods and advanced experience in the evaluation of public-important projects has been interpreted. Кey  words:  investment,  infrastructure, currency, credit, risk, price,
2019-06-17
Gulnaz Erkomaishvili
GREEN ECONOMY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIC POLICYOF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN GEORGIA

Summary  The paper deals with environmental sustainable development and its economic policy in Georgia. For the Government of Georgia the green economy is one of the main means of sustainable economic development. Green economy is actively spread around the world and almost every country is involved in this process. Different measures are carried out in order to support sustainable development in Georgia. It is important to promote ecosystem services, clean production, environmental education and green jobs. The transition to `green economy~ is the main driving force for sustainable economic processes. The natural environment in the `green economy~ is not considered as a place of decontamination of waste, but a decisive factor of economic growth. Environmental and rational use of natural resources is one of the most important prerequisites for the preservation of national natural and global value, human health and life, as well as economic and social development of the
2019-06-17
E.G. Isaev
WAYS TO INCREASE THE INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE COUNTRY

Summary Attracting foreign investment in the economy is one of the important conditions for achieving economic growth. A favorable investment climate creates a solid foundation for the development of human capital and integration into international trade. Today, the struggle for investment is increasing in the world, and each country will have to compete for its share. This article interprets the factors influencing the investment environment, methodological approaches to its assessment and external experience in this area. Key words: investment, efficiency, competitiveness, economic growth, investment environment, valuation, income,
2019-06-17
Murman Kvaratskhelia
ECOLOGICAL CHALLENGES OF MODERN WORLD AND GEORGIA

Summary  The article discusses the current theme of today's epoch, such as an ecological challenge. This problem requires a variety of global measures, one of which is the green economy. The author gives us the essence and significance of the green economy in this regard. In addition, in the opinion of the author, it is important if the green economy has a substantial impact on the sustainable development of the country. The article specifically highlights the role of green economy in terms of social engagement in overcoming the poverty of the
2019-06-17
Alfred Kuratashvili
THEORETICAL BASES OF FORMATION OF "GREEN ECONOMY" AND THE NEED FOR ELIMINATION OF CRIMINAL BUSINESS

Summary  In scientific work, the theoretical bases of the formation of a "green economy" and the need to eradicate criminal business are considered as the antipode of the "green economy" and as manifestations of economic fascism, which is a crime against humanity (?!). It is necessary to especially note that without the eradication of criminal business as the antipode of the “green economy”, an increase in people's well-being and social justice is unattainable, which implies the essence of a “green economy” in a broad sense. Consequently, in the conditions of the functioning of the criminal business – in the conditions of the domination of money, market, profit,  capital over a person in society and in the state, i.e. in the conditions of economic fascism, which is a crime against humanity, the main purpose of a “green economy” cannot be realized (?!). Based on the above, as a theoretical basis for the formation of a "green
2019-06-17
Tea Lazarashvili
BASIC ISSUES AND PROBLEMS OF "GREEN" FUNDING ECONOMIC GROWTH

Summary  In the format of the United Nations Conference in 2012, most of the global agreements on the "green" economy were taken at the global level. It is noteworthy that the uniform definition of "green" economics has not yet been established. Mainly under the green economy, economic activity is meant, which improves human wells, ensures social justice and significantly reduces the risks to the environment and nature. The main factor in the development of green economy is the green financing that can prevent social, economic and ecological changes caused by the sharp expansion of the global population and the catastrophic exhaustion  of natural resources and their negative consequences. The financial sector, with active support of the state, can provide global sustainable development and qualitative changes in such conditions. Keywords: green economy, sustainable economic growth, green funding, green
2019-06-17
Nugzar Paichadze
GREEN ECONOMICS AND LABOUR MARKET

Summary  The present article is devoted to the issues of functioning of labor market in conditions of   development of Green Economics. In the first part of the article  is  given  a discussion  about the trends of green economics and   on the  basic concepts that are directly related to the labor market.  Special attention is paid to such phrases  as "green economy", "green workplace", "green employment ". The significant part of the article is about the issues of labor market in such types of employment, as:  development of renewed energetics,  production of ecologic types of transport,  green construction, environmental recovery, production of ecologically clean products, waste processing and utilization, ecotourism etc. Finally,   based on the current state of development of green economy in Georgia, there are some recommendations, the implementation of which, by the author’s opinion,
2019-06-17
Vladimer PapavaTamar Tapladze
ON THE RETROECONOMIC BARRIER IN DEVELOPMENT OF “GREEN ECONOMY”

Summary This paper analyzes the problem of the development of the “Green Economy” in the situation of technological backwardness of economy. Mostly in developing countries, their economies have been using obsolete technologies. The usage of obsolete technologies by any firm can create the illusion that this or that business is prosperous. At the level of international competition, however, it is obvious that these types of retroeconomic firms do not have any chance for success. The role of the government is very important for overcoming the effects of a retroeconomy. Keywords: “green economy”, innovation, technological backwardness, necroeconomics, retroeconomics, bankruptcy,
2019-06-17
Avtandil Sulaberidze
RECENT DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION – START OF DEPOPULATION IN GEORGIA

Summary  The modern demographic development of the world is characterized by diversity and if in some developed countries the modern type of population reproduction is replaced by the newest type - depopulation, in others it is in the last phase, and still in some other countries the second phase of the modern type of population reproduction is noticed. There is an interesting situation in South Caucasus as well. Unlike Azerbaijan, where the third phase of the modern type of population reproduction has just started (the rate of mortality went down to 6‰ by 2018 and at the same time, the tendency of significant decrease in child-birth is also noticeable, down to 16,5‰ by 2018), in Armenia the same phase was noted in the 90s of the last century and according to the data of the UN, one can expect the completion of the modern type of population reproduction and start of the newest type during 2020-2025 [www.esa.un.org].   As regards Georgia, the modern type of
2019-06-17
Anatoly Shevchuс
Issues of transition to a green economy in Russia

Annotation   The article describes the work performed over the past three years on behalf of various ministries and departments, to make a decision on the transfer of the Russian Federation on the "green" economy. Given the basic approaches to the measurement of the "green" economy, the concept of transition, measures to implement and others. Keywords: "green" economy, sustainable development, the concept of the transition to "green"
2019-06-17
Teimuraz Shengelia
ROLE OF „GREEN ECONOMY“ IN THE SYSTEM OF GLOBAL RELATIONS

Summary  Market economy is subject to the laws of demand-supply; it is also clear that market is less sensitive to the demands of the ecosystem. One of the most important problems of XXI century is collision of ecological needs and economic interests in the field of natural resources use, which acquired a character of contradiction. Change of main approaches of economic theory became necessary: transition from modern assessment of economic relations to principlly different approaches, which should be based on the postulates of development of “bioeconomy” or ecological-economic system. Along with the traditional, it becomes necessary to assess ecocriteria and their involvement into the theory of values. Value, as an economic category, is a synthesis of results and expenses, which should take into consideration the natural resources and ecological
2019-06-17
Mikheil Chikviladze
BUDGET, STATE DEBT, TAXES

Summary The 2019 State Budget is fully committed to realization of the Government Program - "Freedom, Rapid Development and Welfare" which will ensure social security of the Georgian population and economic development of the country. The main focus is on the indicators of revenue receivables and payable fees in 2019, hindering reasons of economic growth are analyzed and the ways of solving them are also set. Special importance is given to calculation of the marginal volume of foreign and domestic debt taken by the state or based on its guarantee and also to the efficiency of its
2019-06-17
Eter Kharaisvili
MODERN CHALLENGES OF THE GREEN ECONOMY AND SOME SOLUTIONS USING PROPERTY RIGHTS REGULATION MECHANISMS

Summary  The article estimates the expected changes of economic development and functioning in conditions of increased consumption of limited resources by the population. The role of green economy in the effective use of resources and economic growth is substantiated based on excessive use of common resources. Modern challenges of the green economy have been identified using theoretical and empirical examples. The study of conditions of poverty and wealth influence on the environment is considered to be particularly important. The paper estimates the importance of development of green economy in developing countries in terms of economic, environmental and social benefits. The conclusion is that the inefficient use of resources in Georgia is still high. The main focus is on resource usage and not on its production, especially in agriculture. The government's regulations, as well as inter-state agreements, are considered to be the main leverage of access to common resources.
2019-06-17
Revaz Javakhishvili
TRANSITION TO "GREEN ENERGY" THE MAIN ASPECT OF POLITICS OF SWEDISH NATIONAL INDUSTRY

Summary     The National Industrial Policies in Sweden is an integral part of the country's overall economic policy, the main aspects of which are: reduction of tax loading, ensuring the integrity of the innovative chain, supporting SMEs, strengthening state regulatory functions and gradually switching to the energy-oriented sources of energy. The industry develops by the influence of events that are oriented on the entire economy, the national industrial policy is closely linked with the innovative, regional, ecological policies of the country and its social orientation that create conditions for the highest level of socio-economic development of the country.    Important trends in the development of the Swedish industry are transition to new / non-hydrocarbon / energy. Since the country does not have large oil and gas reserves, it has been a long time ago that Sweden has been tasked to move into a new power plant with free hydrocarbons. For this
2019-06-17
Tamila Arnania-KepuladzeGiorgi Kepuladze
THE CONCEPTS OF "GREEN" AND "BLUE" ECONOMICS IN THE GLOBAL DEFICIT CONDITIONS

Summary  Modern societies are facing many challenges one of which is a problem of the resources global deficiency. The global deficit is one of the main problems of modern society. The problem of the global deficit is the basis of the current economic models in which the permanent aspiration of human beings to satisfy the growing needs faced with the scarcity of the resources. The human consumption of goods and services is associated with a significant number of waste and environmental pollution, which in turn requires additional resources for environmental cleanliness and waste removal. The paper considers new conceptual approaches – “Green” Economics and “Blue” Economics – as a way to decide the problem of resources global deficiency and environment pollution. Green Economics is a relatively new direction of economic science and practice that recognizes the dependency of economic activity on nature and considers the economy as a component
2019-06-17
Vladimer Basaria
PROBLEMS OF THE CONCEPT OF "GREEN ECONOMY" ON EARTH

Summary  The mind and genius of humanity have long sought to find signs of existence of living in the Earth's world. Despite many attempts, as a result of which he has acquired information about planets being in millions of light years from here, he has never been able to find anything. It seems that the creator of the world made the rare conditions of functioning of living beings on Earth. It is regrettable that this great miracle - the existence of live nature - the man threatened himself. During the XX century, one fourth of the fertile soil on earth and almost two thirds of forests were destroyed. If this process continues with such intensity, the nature will be defeated, so today it is necessary to change the attitude of humanity to economic activity: to get away from the ecological crisis, humanity should work out a new way of thinking; he should act so as not to break the environment for the functioning of the living organism; he must exclude the exploitation of nature
2019-06-17
Borys BurkinskyiNatalya AndryeyevaOksana Nikishyna
METHODOLOGY OF MONITORING OF GREEN ECONOMY OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT [1]

Summary  Given the limited nature of natural resources, there is a need for the introduction of new models of economic growth that would ensure close interaction between the economy, the environment and society. According to the global development agenda for the period up to 2030 adopted by the 193 UN member states at the September 2015 Summit on Sustainable Development, an inclusive transformation economy based on sustainable production and consumption patterns is an important factor in ensuring a new dynamic of development. At the same time, the implementation of the 17 (Seventeen) Sustainable Development Goals adopted at this summit requires a scientific reflection on the systematic approach to the "green" transformation of the economy and the implementation of monitoring. The report contains the results of studies devoted to the development and implementation of methodology and methodological support for monitoring the definition of economic and environmental priorities of
2019-06-17
Nata Davlasheridze
THE NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATE IN ECONOMY FOR 2018 WILLIAM D. NORDHAUS – ONE OF THE FOUNDERS OF "GREEN ECONOMY"

Summary  Green economy – the direction in economic science created in the last two decades according to which, the economy is a dependent component of the environment within which it exists and is its part. Clean or "green" technologies are the cornerstone of green economy. In the long term the green economy is capable to provide significant growth in GDP, to lift income per capita and employment in the same, or even higher rates, than traditional economy. William D. Nordhaus – the American economist, professor of Yale University, the Nobel Prize laureate in economy for 2018 which he received for integration of global climate changes into macroeconomic forecasting is considered as one of founders of this new direction in economic science. Nordhaus became the first economist who created the mathematical model describing the impact of climatic changes on economic growth. He first looked at climate change as on an economic problem and offered one of ways of its
2019-06-17
Eter KakuliaNana BibilashviliTeimuraz Gogokhia
EU-GEORGIA ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT – GREEN ECONOMY SUPPORTIN GEORGIA

Summary  The work covers the issues on the significance, essence and principles of green economy. Programs, laws, strategies and statutes supporting the development of green economy in Georgia are conducted by the community and the local institutions. The issues related to the expected and received outcomes are discussed in the work. Opinions on the work to be carried out in this direction are expressed. First of all, attention should be paid to ecological care; Improve financial access; Promotion of ecosystem, in terms of enhancing involvement of small and medium enterprises; Introduction of Eco-Making
2019-06-17
Rusudan KvaratskheliaDavid Kakabadze
ROLE OF EDUCATION IN GREEN ECONOMICS FORMATION

Summary  A role and importance of human capital are growing from day to day. For this reason role of education has become significant in developing human’s physical, intellectual and ethical skills. Nowadays, it is prioritised for government of Georgia to form easily accessible and high-quality educational system at every class level. Amount of violence against children has been increased in schools and aggression in adolescents has been revealed. Problems regard to adolescents are at alarming level and it should be examined systematically by the state.  We consider that teaching about “green economics”, environment protection and basics of doing environmentally friendly business at schools is the most important factor in adolescent’s psycho-emotional development. On the other hand, we assume that economic prosperity of Georgia should be reached by strengthening economics at regional level. An upsurge in inequality is apparent in modern regions of
2019-06-17
Qristine (Ketevan) Kuratashvili
CULTURE AND ITS ROLE IN FORMATION OF "GREEN ECONOMY"

Summary  The scientific work considers culture as a complex factor, as an ideological and theoretical basis, and as a necessary condition for socio-economic progress, and therefore, as a factor in the formation of a "green economy." It is culture - a factor of culture - in a comprehensive sense, which is of fundamental importance for the effective functioning of society and the state, which also implies the formation of a “green economy” in the interests of realizing the interests of the people. Consequently, culture has a crucial role in the formation of a “green economy”, because without an integrated approach to the problem of culture and without the effective use of the cultural factor, the real formation of a “green economy” is impracticable. Special attention in scientific work is drawn to a creative approach to the problem of cultural development, and, in particular, to the problems of science and education development, legal and
2019-06-17
Ilia (Aziko) Sisvadze
TRANSITION TO THE EUROPEAN TYPE OF SOCIAL ECONOMY CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS IN GEORGIA

Summary  It is justified that the transition to the social economy of Georgia is deduced by an objective necessity. It is wrong to assume that the implementation of effective social policy is impossible without a strong economy. In fact, such a policy itself is responsible for economic progress, which, in turn, creates material conditions for universal well-being. Accordingly, the reforms in this direction will only bring the desired result if they are simultaneous and synchronized. Taking into consideration this circumstance, the analysis of the possibility of transition to social economy, the principles of its functioning and the hierarchical pyramid of achieving the set goals, wose developed, which would significantly reduce costs and
2019-06-17
Giorgi Shikhashvili
AT THE ORIGIN OF THE THEORY OF SUSTAINABLE/"GREEN" ECONOMIC-MANAGERIAL ACTIVITY – “RIO-1992”

Summary  In today's conditions, it is necessary to understand the theoretical-methodological basis of sustainable / "green" economic-managerial activities. Based on the documents of "Rio-1992", the newest socio-economic-ecological thinking and relevant theoretical-methodological foundation should be established. It is necessary to develop the fundamental conception of Georgia's sustainable development in the nearest future, which will simplify the synergistic harmony of "green" economic-managerial activity. Key words: Origin of the Theoryof Sustainable Development; Documents of "Rio-1992"; The New Stage of Economic Theory Development; Fundamental Concept of Sustainable Development of
2019-06-17
Malkhaz Chikobava
REASONS FOR THE BRETTON WOODS CONFERENCE AND THE BASIS FOR THE DOMINANCE OF THE US DOLLAR

Summary  The Bretton Woods theme never loses its relevance. Obviously, this is no accident. This year marks 75 years of age, and during this period many interesting materials have been collected that require understanding and synthesis. Despite the fact that from August 15, 1971, the Bretton Woods system is considered abolished, in our opinion, it still retains great importance. If we take encyclopedia, vocabulary, or macroeconomic guidelines, we read that Bretton Woods is the conference at which the decision was made, on the basis of which the World Financial and Monetary System was created. Obviously, this system did not originate from scratch, because for several centuries there existed a certain monetary system, which, as usual, calls the classical system of the gold standard, that is, the gold currency standard. The textbooks usually say that there were several monetary and financial systems: - There was a so-called Paris system. - There was a Genoese system. - Then
2019-06-17
Maia KapanadzeGiorgi Chincharauli
THEORETICAL PROBLEMS OF "GREEN ECONOMY"

Summary The concept of "green economy" is in sharp contrast to the literature. The most comprehensive explanation is given by UN experts. In their view, the green economy is a business activity that raises society's well-being and provides social justice; Essentially reduces the risk of environment poverty. This definition is also considered as incomplete in the article, since it does not describe the demand of classical definition as an idea  of substantive signs of the event.. In this article, "green economy" is defined as public production. Which includes both the production of green products, as well as the implementation of production for protection and improvement of natural green resources. The problems of various types of "green economy", the main directions of overcoming this problem, the system and leverage of measurements to transfer perfect to "green economy" are discussed in the article. There are proposed some ideas for the improvement of incomplete functioning of
2019-06-17
Davit Aslanishvili
QUALITY OF MODERN EDUCATION AND IMPORTANCE OF INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS (BASED ON WORK-BASED LEARNING PROGRAMME

(WBL PROGRAMME)  Annotation. The mission of research proposal is to find the ways to shorten the gap in development between the developed countries and Georgia based on modern economic development, its tools and tendencies. Economic progress and improving living standards of the population depends largely on the provision of high economic growth. That issue itself heavily depends on education and market demand. To illustrate the wide gap between the developed economy and the weak one, let us compare the current level of per capita GDP of Switzerland, Hungary, Poland  to Georgian one: · The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Switzerland was last recorded at 76667.44 US dollars in 2017. The GDP per Capita in Switzerland is equivalent to 607 percent of the world's average. · The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Hungary was last recorded at 15647.85 US dollars in 2017. The GDP per Capita in Hungary is equivalent to 124 percent of the world's
2019-06-17
Nunu AchuashviliSese Khatiashvili
GREEN BUSINESS AS AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT IN ACHIEVING A GREEN ECONOMY

Summary  The green economy is a model of the country's economic development, which reduces ecological problems and threats to environmental protection, one of the key elements to achieve green economy is green business, which envisages environmental requirements in the process of creation of goods and
2019-06-17
Evgeni BaratashviliIrma Maxarashvili-BaratashviliJandri Zarandia
ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ISSUE

Summary  In the end of 20th and beginning of 21st centuries establishing reasonable interrelations between economic development of the future generations of contemporary mankind and environment protection is a necessary condition. Mostly this deals with attempt of formulation of the new conception of international security in the recent period that has finally formed as sustainable development conception. History of the term “sustainable development” has actually commenced from the declaration adopted at UN environmental conference (1972). Issues of sustainable development are extensively discussed at all national and international conferences though there is no generally accepted definition of the “sustainable development” substance, all interpret it in their own manner. Currently there are over 50 definitions of “sustainable development” and this number is growing. According to UN definition, sustainable development is the development of
2019-06-17
Khatuna Berishvili
„GREEN ECONOMY“, MODEL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POST-SOVIET COUNTRIES

Summary  “Green economy” is a strategic direction of the world economy as well as of the post-Soviet countries. One of the priority directions of ecological relations in the post-Soviet states is formation of the normative acts, which give a possibility for unification and harmonization of ecological legislation, among them, in the “green economy” field. In the post-Soviet countries, for development of “green economy” great attention is attached to development of ecological technologies. “Green economy” strategy should become a model of sustainable development of the post-Soviet countries, based on long-term
2019-06-17
Davit Bidzinashvili
GREEN ECONOMY AS A MEANS OF BRINGING THE HIGHEST CAPITALIZATION IN GEORGIA

Summary  Green economy is the main result of well-being and social equality of people, which significantly reduces environmental risks and ecological losses (the United Nations Environment Program, 2010). Green economy is a model of economic development based on sustainable development and knowledge of ecological economics. It differs from other sectors of the economy, which directly assesses the country's natural capital, which has an economic value. Green economy creates green jobs, provides real, sustainable economic development, and reduces environmental pollution, climate change, environmental degradation and risks to exclude resources. It stimulates business, produces green products and services. Green economy does not distinguish between the state and the private sector. On the contrary, trying to find a positive and effective alternative to the economic decision. The main regulator of the green economy is not a state or private business, but a society that chooses and
2019-06-17
Tamar GamsakhurdiaSlava Fetelava
ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT: CONFRONTATION OR COMPROMIS?

 Summary  In modern conditions, the global energy industry is faced with big problems. In particular, fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), which are considered as the basis of modern civilization, are decreasing, and the demand for energy is constantly growing, which is confirmed by the forecast of the development of world energy. The recognition of energy development as a priority means an increase in greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere and, consequently, an increase in the load on the energy sector. On the contrary, reducing greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere reduces energy production, and this confirms that energy / climate change are external factors and it is necessary to determine costs for all specific cases, that is, on the basis of an economic assessment of the results of energy / climate change, determine
2019-06-17
Solomon Pavliashvili Zurab GarakanidzeNata Garakanidze
THE EFFECT OF ECOLOGIVALLY ENERGORESOURCES ON POSTSOVIET COUNTRIES

Summary  After disintegration of the Soviet Union, the Russian leaders realized that the race of arms completely exhausted the country and that besides at their order there are no sufficient resources (which, in turn, are necessary for any industrialized country). The USA, on the contrary, achieved sustained economic growth: Washington without special efforts has solved foreign policy problems, using rich oil fields. For this reason, Russia in turn, decided to ensure access to gas, understanding that the oil sector has no special prospects for development goal in Russia. Moscow focused on gas — its production, transportation and export. The foundation was laid for it in 1995 when the Russian government set the new ambitious task for Gazprom: not to be limited to own gas fields and to win to itself positions on gas fields of Azerbaijan, Central Asia, Iran, Europe and the Middle East. In Europe reserves of natural gas are limited — less than 5% of cumulative world gas
2019-06-17
Madona Gelashvili
THE IMPORTANCE AND CHALLENGES OF "GREEN ECONOMY" IN GEORGIA

Annotation. The green economy is closely linked to the concept of sustainable development. Global challenges such as climate change and the current global economic crisis, revealed a new way of perceiving the need for economic development, which will be beneficial for everyone. According to this opinion sustainable development, or balanced progress in economic, social and environmental fields at the same time, - is becoming increasingly important. New opportunities for economic growth, which was created by these new environments, made the base of the green economy concept. This concept implies such  a profitable business, which at the same time will facilitate the environmental challenges. Keywords: Green economy, green growth, concept, climate, inclusive development, global risks.  Introduction "Green economy" concept is quite broad, and also relatively new for the world of different regions. Determination and understanding of the context can be different. Despite of
2019-06-17
Teimuraz Babunashvili
ECOLOGICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE IMPACT OF TOURISM ON THE ENVIRONMENT

Annotation. One of the key priorities of the world community in terms of sustainable development is transition to the “green” economy. Tourism is a sector that, based on current requirements, is at the crucial stage of its transformation. In the context of the “green” economy, tourism is considered as an activity that at the same time implies: environmental, economic and social impacts, satisfying demands of customers of tourism services and protecting interests and rights of local people. Keywords:  green economy, tourism, green tourism, ecological problems, sustainable development, regional development.   Introduction Green economy is one of the most active problems in the modern world. Practically all countries participate in this process, including Georgia. A green economy provides real, sustainable economic development and reduces environmental pollution, climate change, environmental degradation and the risk of resource utilization. Green
2019-06-17
Lia Dvalishvili
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY The paper reviews the essence and significance of the global problems of humanity. The magnitude of these problems and the scale of impact on society indicates. It is noted the interference of in human nature and its consequences, the closer interaction between global problems in general and the results of community activities in the global environment. The scarcity and scales of environmental problems are exposed. The negative impact on the external development of external resources as a result of more involvement in natural resources production is also discussed. There are mentioned environmental protection measures implemented in the XXI Century on which special emphasis should be made. It is indicated how to change the type of technology to be used on ecological basis, how to assess the environment and what should be envisaged in the introduction of ecological
2019-06-17
Tamar Zirakashvili
THE PRINCIPLES AND APPROACHES OF A SYSTEM OF THE FORMATION OF DEVELOPMENT OF TAX RELATIONS

Summary  By changing tax rates, the state creates additional stimulus, financial flows and for the works and services for individual elements of flows of goods. The tax rate system performs the state regulator's function and is always getting difficult and differentiating. Banks are actively using taxes to reduce the budget deficits. At that time most of these facilities either belonged to banks, or were used for their purposes or expenditures on financing with the obligations of funded organizations. Tax exemptions on the activities of commercial banks must be precisely understood as the results of these factors may be different, and sometimes contradictory, in long-term and short-term periods. In the implementation of tax exemptions we should come out from the priorities of the state and economics, particularly from the
2019-06-17
Tsitsino Tetrauli
THE WAYS AND METHODS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

Summary  The work deals with the ways and ways of waste management, its negative impact on the natural environment and man (polluted land, water, air); The reasons for the growth of waste, which are deeper and fundamental than analyzed on the surface, are analyzed by mass production and consumption of 70% of waste. The attitude of the society of the previous century to waste and the methods of his care are covered; The experience of developed countries is characterized by waste management, ways and methods developed by them; The role and significance of the "green economy" as a non-existent model is the development and survival of the future community, as well as the global threats that threaten the entire planet due to a violated ecological balance that results from anthropogenic impact in nature and requires
2019-06-17
Lia TotladzeMamuka Khuskivadze
THE ROLE OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE INCLUSIVE GREEN GROWTH

Summary  The concept of inclusive "green" growth is based on the stimulation of economic growth and development and the sustainability of natural assets, the ecosystem effectiveness principles. For this it is necessary to increase investment and innovation, which is the basis for sustainable development. Human capital is one of the fundamental factors for inclusive green growth. The paper deals with the essence of the human capital index as the measure of  volume of human capital. It is the modern measure developed by the World Bank, which focuses on the productivity of next generation. In this paper highlighted that without human capital it is impossible to achieve sustainable economic growth, as well as the formation of qualified workers controllers and maintain competitiveness on the world economic arena. Therefore, it is important to create the necessary conditions for the development of human capital.  Keywords: Human Capital, Human Capital Index, Green
2019-06-17
Esmira Kazimova
NEW ECONOMY IN AZERBAIJAN – GREEN BUSINESS MOVEMENT

Summary The article summarizes data on promising areas of development of the "green economy" and the environmental policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the implementation of the national strategy for the use of alternative and renewable energy sources; opportunities for the development of alternative energy, indicating the most promising areas of Azerbaijan on the example of the autonomous republic of Nakhichevan for the development of solar energy, wind and hydropower. Keywords: green economy; sustainable development; renewable energy green
2019-06-17
Nazira Kakaulia
Problems of Consumption of renewable energy and sustainable development in Georgia

Sustainable development is a system of development of society that ensures human well-being, quality of life and the right of future generations to ensure the benefit of the economic development and environmental protection of the society with reserved natural resources and environment. Sustainable development implies a form of economic growth that makes certain welfare of the society for short, medium and long term. It is based on the principle that today's demands must be satisfied so as not to threaten future generations. Sustainable development means creating conditions for the long-term economic development with the maximum consideration of environmental issues, which is of most importance.  Keywords:Sustainable Development, Circular Economy, Climate
2019-06-17
Ketevan Kokaia
Georgian Tax System and Trends of Development

ANNOTATION In the work «Georgian Tax System and Trends of Development» is reviewed the history of origin of taxes,  tax system creation and development . Tax system and tax policy of Georgia, the main characteristics of  Georgian tax system and the trends of its development are analyzed as well. Tax is an obligatory, unconditional monetary contribution in the budget of a country, which is paid by a taxpayer, based on  mandatory non-equivalent and non-reimbursable nature of  payment. Types of payments are  common – government and local
2019-06-17
Merab Mikelashvili
GREEN ECONOMICS AND VARIOUS TAXATION PROBLEMS

Summary  Reforming tax system on the ecological basis adds a new function to it – an instrument of environmental protection. In this case, socio-economic role of taxation is being raised in the state economics. It corrects undesirable manufacturing methods and reduces the scale of ecologically-risky products. For Georgia it is essential to have ecological taxes, as long as it’s a global trend and introducing such regulations will be beneficial not only on theoretical, but also on practical levels. On the next phase of tax system reformation, it is indispensable to allot and identify taxes that should become ecological ones; to implement environmental policy more effectively; to elaborate new policy about spending tax income on “ecologization” and considering modern global tendencies of tax system convergence. Georgian taxation system development should include ecologization and should declare taxes as a vital instrument regarding ecological policy. All
2019-06-17
Zurab Nozadze
THE POSSIBILITIES AND WAYS OF GREEN ECONOMY STIMULATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY

Summary  The article deals with conditions and regulatoriesof the origin of ,,green economy”. There is also analyzed issues of various sectors of national economy. He possibilities of implementation of ,,green” introduction of green economy in sustainable economic conditions. There are given the levels of estimation system of success and possibilities of green
2019-06-17
Kristine Omadze
SOME ASPECTS OF MODERN LENDING AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE GREEN ECONOMY IN MORTGAGE AND STATE LENDING AND CO-FINANCING

Summary  Our research aims is describing the modern credit relationship and reflecting their impact on the more interesting topic - ecological environment and the development of green economy. In this regard, the most demanded type of credit - mortgage loan is discussed, whose long-term interest and desired interest rate is due to the growing demand for it. This determines the modern credit policy and the attitude of the public to the comfort and ecologically respecting environment. In addition, the modern system of private and state lending is described as a combination of financial flows to satisfy the demands of the public to live in the green economy and eecologivally clean environment.  Keywords: credit, mortgage, credit relationships, financial system, green
2019-06-17
Lali OsadzeLali Sreseli
GREEN ECONOMY – OPPORTUNITY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF GEORGIA

Summary Georgia, as well as the whole modern world, in light of the development and technological breakthrough, is facing many environmental challenges.  Georgian government sees the green economy as one of the most important means of development and comes up with the initiative to conduct voluntary activities supporting sustainable development. Therefore, it is important to support development of ecosystem services, clean production, environmental education and green jobs. Georgian Government is well aware of benefits of Green Economy to humanity and environment. To eliminate economic losses caused by global warming and support introduction of energy saving and environmentally friendly technologies, alongside with efforts of Georgian government, it is important to attract investments from international funds. Moreover, protection of forests and rational use of resources should be considered, which will boost the social and economic wellbeing of people as the development of
2019-06-17
Magbat SpanovKuralai NurgalievaM.A. Kalikov
DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN ENERGY IN KAZAKHSTAN

Summary  Currently, the theme of green energy is relevant in the world. In our country, the President stressed that the development of renewable energy sources is one of the priorities of our state. The main goal of the development of green energy in the country is to overcome the traditional energy system. Because the negative impact of traditional energy sources on the environment is extremely large. The green economy is one of the most important instruments for ensuring the country's sustainable development. The transition to a "green economy" will allow Kazakhstan to achieve its goal of becoming one of the 30 most developed countries in the world. According to the UNEP report, the “green development” scenario provides for more sustainable economic growth on a new innovative basis, as it promotes the transition to a smart, intelligent economy by finding ways to efficiently use and preserve natural capital (especially non-renewable natural resources), develop
2019-06-17
Tengiz Kavtaradze
GREEN ECONOMY FORMATION PROBLEMS IN GEORGIA

Summary  Green economy is economic development model, which dependes on sustainable development and on the knowledge of ecological economy. This economy differs from other fields, that primery assesses countrie`s natulald capital. Green economy makes green working places, provides real, sustainable economic development and reduces pollution of environment, global warming, degradation of environment and prevents the risk of disposing of recources. Green economy gives incentive and motivation to bussines to manufacture product and service. The green economy is considered to be the component of economic theory where it is represented as a part of the ecosystem. According to the classical economy it is not reviewed independently, but as a component of science, in particular, considering that traditionally land as one of the factors of production involves natural capital and is related to the second factor of production - labor. It is particularly noteworthy that in 2010 the major
2019-06-17
Nona Kavtaradze
THE ROLE OF THE STATE BUDGET IN THE FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF SOCIAL POLICY

Summary Today, one of the most important tasks of the state is to preserve the stability of the economy and determine future prospects for its development. The state budget as a central role in the budget system plays a crucial role in improving socio-economic conditions of the country and ensuring its further development, which adds more and more to the issue of complex study-analysis of current challenges in this field. In the financial support of the country's social policy, the issue of determining the place and role of the state budget should be started by analyzing the dynamics and structure of the budget parameters indicated by the Law of Georgia on the State Budget of Georgia of 2019. Based on the analysis of the budget estimates of 2019, we note that the total volume of assignments allocated from the State Budget in the sphere of separate sectors of social sphere (namely: healthcare, education and social protection) amounted to 42.5 percent of the total budget expenditures
2019-06-17
Medea MelashviliNunu KistauriKetevan Kveladze
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ECO-INNOVATIONS AND INVESTMENTS FOR THEDEVELOPMENT OF GREEN ECONOMICS

Summary  The work is dedicated to such an important field of economy, such as the green economy, in particular one of the topical issues, such as the importance of eco-investments and investments for the development of green economy. The green economy explains how it works to solve global problems such as overcoming hunger, reduction of unemployment, increasing living standards, etc. And thus generate future generations to live in a healthy environment and in a variety of flora and fauna. The paper also discusses the initiatives and recommendations of various international organizations for governments and private investors to address the problem. Analyzes the digital calculations of their financial resources and the main directions of investments for this
2019-06-17
Fati Shengelia
A GREEN ECONOMY AND POVERTY

Summary  Poverty reduction is inextricably linked a low-carbon, resource efficient, and socially inclusive green economy. A Green Economy is one whose growth in income and employment is driven by public and private investments. However, it also reduces carbon emissions and pollution, enhance energy and resource efficiency, and prevents biodiversity loss and ecosystem services degradation. These investments need to be catalyzed and supposed by targeted public expenditure, policy reforms and regulation changes. This development path should maintain, enhance and, where necessary, rebuild natural and security depend strongly on nature. Persistent poverty is the most visible form of social inequity, related as it is to unequal access to education, healthcare, credit availability, income opportunity and secure property rights. A key feature of a green economy is that it seeks to provide diverse opportunities for economic development and poverty alleviation without liquidating or
2019-06-17
Elene Chikovani
ABOUT SOME ISSUES OF THE PERFECTION OF ENVIRONMENT STATISTICS IN GEORGIA

Summary  Article is devoted to the problems of perfection of the environmental statistics in Georgia. The main challenges in data collection and dissemination system are evaluated. The relevance of the environment statistics indicators, used in the country, with the requirements and recommendations In line with the Manual on the Basic Set of Environment Statistics of the United Nations Statistics Division (FDES2013) are analyzed. Main data gaps and deficiencies in data collection system are revealed. Specific problems of the statistical observation in the field of mineral recourses, waste generation and management, air quality, human settlements statistics are singled out. The necessity of the evaluation of impact of thepollution and worsening of the ecological environment on the health and living conditions of the population is substantiated. The improvement of the environmental health statistics in Georgia is strategized. The ways of the perfection of environmental statistics
2019-06-17
Ketevan Chanidze
THE ANALISIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF ECONOMIC PARAMETERS AND STRUCTURE OF POPULATION OF ACHARE

Summary  This paper analyzes the relationship of the population of Achara and economic parameters such as employment and level of economic activity by age and field. The number of the population, especially of the employed population, is an important factor for the economy, since employment is the main factor of production. If the rate of employed population in a country is large it means the more manufacturing products are created. Based on statistical data, we tried to make a comparative analysis and show that in those regions where the growth rate of the population is positive the economic parameters are also better compared to other regions of Georgia. In the present paper the graphics and diagrams showed the distribution of Total Value-Added Product by territorial units of Georgia. It is noted that in those regions where the number of economically active population is there than the Total Value-Added is positive. The dynamics of the growth of the population of Achara over
2019-06-17
Izolda Chiladze
ACTUALITY OF STATE GRANTS AND FEATURES OF THEY ACCOUNTING

Summary  The purpose of the article is to review the actuality of the government grants and the peculiarities of accounting of legal entity. The main objectives of the state grant policy are development of SMEs, promoting social, cultural and scientific research activities, promotion of innovations and introduction of the craft, helping to eliminate natural disasters caused by natural and human impacts, implementation of environmental rehabilitation projects. Therefore, issues of recognition and accounting of state grants are also relevant. In addition, it is important to evaluate the effect of grants. The conclusion is made on the necessity of fully implementing the requirements of international standards for grants accounting and monitoring the effectiveness of grants performance. Accounting of grants regulates bass 20 – Accounting for Government Grants and Disclusure of Government Assistance. The following are used in this standard (IAS 20. gv: ): Government refers
2019-06-17
Giorgi Kharshiladze
THE POSSIBILITIES AND DIFFICULTIES OF FORMING “GREEN ECONOMY” IN GEORGIA

Suumary  A Green Economy is characterized by substantially increased investments in economic sectors that build on and enhance the earth’s natural capital or reduce ecological scarcities and environmental risks. These sectors include renewable energy, low-carbon transport, energy efficient buildings, clean technologies, improved waste management, improved freshwater provision, sustainable agriculture and forest management, and sustainable fisheries. These investments are driven by or supported by national policy reforms and the development of international policy and market infrastructure. These investments and policy reforms provide the mechanisms and the financing for the reconfiguration of businesses, infrastructure and institutions, and the adoption of sustainable consumption and production processes. Such reconfiguration leads to a higher share of green sectors contributing to GDP, greener jobs, lower energy and resource-intensive production, lower waste and
2019-06-17
Vasil Khizanishvili
ECO-SOCIAL MARKET ECONOMY OR “THE HUMAN ECONOMY”

Summary  Eco-social market economy or “the human economy” presents an economic, ecological and social-political approach, where market-oriented, social and ecological aspects create “the strategic triangle”.  To protect and keep the balance between the three sides of this triangle is a primary task. Eco-social market economy means not ideal harmony, but permanent struggle between the different interests of the various political and social forces for the rational balance. Correspondingly, it demands to realize a radical policy at the national, regional and global level. It is necessary to be the strong social and state institutions, create and secure fair rules of the game under a normative-legal conditions, create a social and ecological standards and realize the transparency in the decision-making process. Key question of the contemporaneity belongs to the following: which types of the market economy are more effective on the line of the economic
2019-06-17
Lali Khikhadze
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUEL-ENERGY SYSTEM: WORLD EXPERIENCE AND PRACTICE FOR GEORGIA

Summary The current financial, energy and ecological crisis in the world has completely changed the imagination on the future of development of fuel-energy. Civilized humanity has convinced that 4-5 decades later we will deal with the principled resources, and in ecological point of view we will have difficulties in their use. Therefore, it became necessary for countries to implement policy of energy saving, fuel resource depletion makes orientation on new energy repairing sources, the use of which can slow down the inefficient spending of natural energy resources, along with it the energy safety and fuel and energy policy today is the actual and a severe problem for the whole world. For today the energy balance of the world is allocated as following: 36% - on oil consumption, 28%- on natural gas, 18%- on coal, 14%- on hydro resources,  3% - on nuclear power and 1% - on non-traditional energy resources. The intensive use of organic fuels causes the growth of heat and global
2019-06-17
Teimuraz Babunashvili
THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF ADMINISTRATION IN THE MANAGEMENOF BUSINESS ENTITIES

Summary  The paper deals with the role and importance of administration, focusing on the correlation between "administration" and "administrating" concepts. The main emphasis is directed on researching management processes, preferential use of management linear-functional systems, strict hierarchy, formalized rule of governing decisions and fixation of power, division of power. Also, with the help of the development of diverse innovative forms, the composition and contents of the administrating are discussed, which implies unification of the forms of administration in the process of elaboration and implementation of these methods.  Keywords: Administration; Innovations; Subordination; Business
2019-06-17
Evgeni BaratashviliGuguli KurashviliIrma Maxarashvili-Baratashvili
QUALITY EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT

Summary In a market economy, quality is considered to be compliant with consumer requirements. Determining the agreement between product quality, quality of service, and consumer dependency can be used in the public sector, leading to the production of a public good. However, the specificity of public sector competition, lack of competitiveness on the part of state and municipal authorities, limited opportunities for public benefit cause a lack of choice and the impossibility of their
2019-06-17
Tamaz GamsakhurdiaTeimuraz Pestvenidze
IMPROVING THE INTELLECTUAL LEVEL OF A MANAGER IS THE KEY TO EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT DECISIONS

Summary  The article focuses that the well-being of the population significantly depends on the appropriate economic politics from the government and the effective development of scientifically analyzed business environment which is closely linked to the process of decreasing human resources and their rational usage. There’s an increasing evidence that social-economic potential and its material-technical base are nearly destroyed and the reconstruction and development need large government funding. That’s why the government should do its best to attract investments and our Georgian science, which is abundant in so many valuable traditions, should be given a chance to play an authoritative role in the field of the 21st century scientific researches and inventions. It will be the beginning in the fast-paced development of some entrepreneurial activities. To make our country economically strong and prosperous, it’s important to make the Georgian citizens be
2019-06-17
Mariam ZubiashviliNino Mgvdeladze
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POSITION OFFINANCIAL MANAGER AND AN ACCOUNTANT

Summary The article  focuses on the difference between the financial manager and accountant's activities in the enterprise. It refers to the functions and responsibilities of the accountant and financial manager. Despite a difference between functions which they perform, we came to a conclusion that the accountant ,due to his - her knowledge and experience, can carry out both work; although it will be connected with certain difficulties, which cannot be completely coordinated by the
2019-06-17
Elguja Konjaria
THE ESSENCE OF EFFECTIVITNESS AUDIT AND FEATURES OF ITS USAGE

Summary  Nowadays audit and its separate forms are considered as one ofthe most approved forms of financial economic control. In universal practice audit is considered as one of the major forms of budget control of the state. Audit of effectiveness belongs to the category that can answer the questions: if we get proper result from the used cash funds and if it’s possible to use them better. Effective audit means the independent research of state projects, organizations and program saving, productivity and purpose and aims of their refine and improvement. In modern period, effective audit represents one of the main spheres in a state budget control scope, which is  implemented by Superior Financial Control-International Organization INTOSAT-worked out on principles of Lima declaration Effective audit is a professional category, that demands special skills, own norms, special planning and making specific reports. Main principles of audit consider the financial
2019-06-17
Zurab Lipartia
THE PROBLEM OF EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN GEORGIA

Summary  "Green economy" in terms of economic effect of defining the problem and the innovative development of the overall economic efficiency of the complete assessment of the problem of the formation of the study, which will be the economic impact (the results) the costs of comparative analysis method is based on the use, production processes in economic activity determine the appropriateness of the decision-making.       Scientific and technical development in the country, discovering new innovations and establishing technologies in the enterprise sector in the long term will increase the expansion and increase of enterprises, the development of the whole community and private business. Accordingly, all types of innovations must be conducted and resource-efficient economic activity (organization) for the development of dominant areas, business changes of the perfect management system and strategic management methods based on the principles of
2019-06-17
Gela MamuladzeMIrza Bakhtadze
FEATURESFOR DEVELOPING INNOVAATIVE MANAGEMENT IN GEORGIA

Summary  Current scientific-technological progress in the world and organizations that act in different fields have been directly focused on innovations, that is connected with the competitiveness of the Georgian products and services both on the  domestic and international markets. In order to meet current challenges of the modern economy for Georgian products - to increase the efficiency of management, it is necessary to implement a complex study of modern innovative regularities and continuous research into countries with innovative economies and successful companies, based on which for above mentioned field specific recommendations with practical values should be worked out.  Overall, the research studies the importance and characteristics of the innovative management as a component of the economic and sustainable development in the country, as well as factors supporting and deterring introduction of the innovative management. Since it was not possible to cover
2019-06-17
Nino Mamuladze
ECOLOGICAL (GREEN) MARKETING AND REALITY

Summary   The socio-ethical marketing concept is based on marketing evolution. Nowadays it is evolved as ecological marketing or green marketing, but both of them are similar. Its existence is caused by the lack of natural resources, the global environmental pollution, poor quality product and package, products that are not recyclable, using non-ecological technologies of production, destruction of natural resources and many other factors.  Ecological (green) marketing is the process, by which the needs and demand of the consumers are satisfied by the production and sale of such kind of products, which minimize negative impacts on the environment. Key words: Socio-ethical marketing concept, ecological marketing, green marketing, eco packaging, eco manufacturing, environment
2019-06-17
Dali SologhashviliTea Udesiani
GREEN ECONOMY CHALLENGES FOR ECONOMIC SUBJECTS AND THEIR SUBMISSION TO THE GOVERNANCE

Summary  Green economy is the main result of well-being and social equality of people, which significantly reduces environmental risks and ecological losses. Green economy is a model of economic development based on sustainable development and knowledge of ecological economics. It differs from other fields that it directly assesses the country's natural capital, which has the economic value. Civil society and economic subjects participate in the development of green economy, who are producers and suppliers of goods and services. All this increases and poses some challenges to the responsibilities of economic subjects. In terms of production and consumption, increase of liability of agricultural subjects means they are using efficient resources and materials, minimizing and avoiding waste generation, sustainably using water resources. Environmental considerations, reasonable consumption of resources etc. all this serves to develop the green economy. Increasing the liability of
2019-06-17
Miron Tugushi
SOME ISSUES OF «GREEN MANAGEMENT» IN GEORGIA

Summary  «Green Management» is a management activity which aims to improve the basis of environmental (ecological)  management, development of staff responsible for environmental activities, environmental management systems and communications and biodiversity maintaining. Due to the   fact that   realization of the events  being planned by the  "Green Economy" sectors is unimaginable  without "Green Management".In  the developed countries  particular attention is payed to it. World practice certifies, that  legislative and executive bodies, as well as judicial power, business, mass media, population and other  sectors of the country   should  perform   organaizng role  in implementation of  Green Economy and Green Management events in order  to mitigate and eradicate negative impacts on the environment. Governments of  Georgia and its  Autonomous Republic,
2019-06-17
Ketevan Shengelia
THE ROLE OF INFORMATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE EFFECTIVE PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS FIELD FUNCTIONALITY AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

Summary  Informational technologies are constantly developing, which makes the functionality of business, selecting and implementation of the best business projects easier. Modern companies already use the licensed Cloud technologies of Microsoft, which is the revolutionary development in IT technologies.  Nowadays, none of the fields can evade them. The last one gives the opportunity to collect and process the necessary information completely for calculation of difficult scores, in order to be able to select the best projects in less time with the fewer expenses. Also it should be noted that the Cloud technologies of Microsoft and Google give the opportunity to the companies to place the operative information on two continents in reinsured protected Cloud storage, which acutely decreases the expenses related to the management and more time is remained for the companies for business
2019-06-17
George Bregvadze
GREEN ECONOMY AND CONSTRUCTION

Summary In the work examined half the problem of the green economy. Determined it’s importance and objectives for the development of steady economy. Realized green economy problems in construction sector, an example “Lisi Development” shows what problems can green economy contribute to construction
2019-06-17
Lina Datunashvili
"GREEN ECONOMY" AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Summary  The article analyzes the essence of "green economy", the necessity of its origin, the efforts of developed countries governments to finance various sectors of the "green economy", including agriculture. The focus is on investing and uneven investments in a number of farming sectors, ecology of agriculture, the expansion of green agriculture development and distribution. Natural agriculture of developing countries and industrialized agriculture of developed countries how they effect of the environment in the process of production. To mitigate negative effects organic agriculture stands foreground instead of traditional agriculture, which is based the use on natural remedies: crop rotation, compost, garden pests biological control methods, in order to maintain soil fertility, mechanical processing introducing, synthetic fertilizers and chemicals in the without using the additives and genetically modified
2019-06-17
Teimuraz KandelakiTsira Mikatadze
FAST-GROWING HIGH-PRODUCTIVE PLANTATIONS EFFECTIVE MEANS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN ECONOMY

Summary  The work deals with the economic-ecological-social features of plants, the plantations of which are an effective means for the development of green economy. This special (known as Pauline, "Adam's Tree", "Caucasia") is a fast growing plant (12-15 m in 5 years after planting) can be cut in 6 years after planting and used for industrial purposes; Here is the ability to retrieve the soil from erosion, it is distinguished by the beautiful structure of high quality wood (from which the building materials, cellulose) is an effective raw material for beekeeping and cattle feed; It absorbs a large quantity of carbon dioxide out of the air and emits oxygen. The first cutting covers the planting-care costs. Thus, environmental, ecological and economic benefits are
2019-06-17
Ketevan Kitsmarishvili
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN HEALTHCARE

Summary  Innovation in healthcare system is considered technological, if the methods of medical service are principally new and technologically improved. Availability and efficiency of high-tech medical care are especially significant for specialists. Exactly through high-tech medical care is provided high quality medical service. For the purpose of social and economic changes faced in the country the development level of healthcare and educational systems serves as an indicator. Healthcare and educational systems are the most important integral parts of country’s economics, determining quality of human life, creating conditions for the formation and development of human
2019-06-17
Goderdzi Tkeshelashvili Giorgi Zangurashvili
THE ANALYSIS AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE STATE OF TRANSPORT OF GEORGIA

Summary  The geographical position of Georgia is that the shortest corridor connecting Asia and Southern Europe passes through it, and there are useful conditions for the development of the transport system. The transport system of the country is represented by the railway of Georgia, road, air, sea transport, pipelines. The railway, which is represented as a joint stock company, is a large organization, where the state has a controlling stake and it can make an important positive share in the country's economy, but the volume of transportation by rail has significantly decreased in recent years and from 2012 to 2018 almost doubled. The volume of tourist transportation by air is increasing, but due to the high cost of transporting goods, the exchange of goods in this sector is insignificant. Pipeline transport mainly serves as transit traffic. Here the pipelines of Bako-Erzerum and Bako-Jeihan are important, which are intended for the transportation of gas and crude oil from
2019-06-17
Nana LukhutashviliMariam Denosashvili
THE PERSPECTIVES OF CRUISE TOURISM IN ADJARA

Summary       In the article, it is said that interest in Batumi as a Black Sea cruise destination is steadily increasing.  Batumi Sea Port has an opportunity to fulfill the needs and demands of customers by means of the marine passenger,  dry cargo,  Container, and the railway ferry and oil terminals.     There is described the history of Batumi and Batumi Port development of from 3BC to nowadays, the advantageous strategic, natural and geopolitical location of the port of Batumi. There is talked about the strategy of cruise tourism development from 2012 to the 2015 year. In the article, there is mentioned that currently, cruise ships are not visiting Batumi Sea Port, what is partly a result of geopolitical situation,  but mainly- inappropriate infrastructure for cruise ships, marketing activities and promotion.     In conclusion,  it is said that to activate the strategy for cruise tourism
2019-06-17
Medea MelashviliNunu KistauriKetevan Kveladze
ECOLOGICALLY CLEAN PRODUCTION - THE MOST IMPORTANT SEGMENT OF "GREEN" ECONOMY

Summary  The work is dedicated to the relevance and significance of the "green" economy in current conditions when humanity is rapidly turning to ecological catastrophe; Successful examples of the developer's important aspects of economics, as well as recent "green" development in the world (especially in developing countries). The paper deals with the ecologically pure production of the product, which has gained considerable importance since the beginning of the XIX century, in general for ecology, and in particular for people's health care. Nowadays, "green" philosophy has acquired world-wide health care for its citizens as a priority for many
2019-06-17
Leila MamulashviliMaka Sosanidze
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY IN GEORGIA

Summary  Irrational use of energy in the past century has created serious environmental problems. Therefore, in the 21st century, global energy development from the use of non-renewable organic resources is gradually moving to the use of non-traditional, renewable and practical alternative energy. Renewable energy is an important sector of the green economy and is a combination of renewable energy sources. Renewable sources are: wind and solar energy, geothermal power plants, bioenergy. According to international and local experts, in the traditional energy sector for Georgia, it is necessary to develop such important areas as energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. Under the diverse resources of Georgia, the green economy should be developed at the expense of wind, solar, biomass and geothermal energy, which is a prerequisite for a healthy environment. This will be a significant step forward for the economic sustainability of Georgia. The implementation of the basic
2019-06-17
Magbat SpanovAnel UsenovaGulnara Kairbaevna Akhmetzhanova
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF QUALITY OF THE HUMAN CAPITAL ON LABOR PRODUCTIVITY OF THE ENTERPRISES OF THE CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

  Summary  In the  article it is considered assessment of the impact of quality of the human capital on labor productivity of the enterprises of the chemical and petrochemical industry of RK. In particular capital-labor ratio indicators, capital productivity indicators, labor productivity, a capital-labor ratio are considered. Also the main problem regarding formation of the human capital is shown in article; it is the shortage of personnel. At the moment the industry is tested by inefficient use of fixed assets of the chemical industry, economic return from growth of fixed assets very low. For the considered period chemical industry turned into capital productive production at low values of capital productivity. In turn it affects the general profitability of production of the industry. Thus, the branch of chemical industry low-profitable is also inclined to unprofitability. In article also the offer the decision - creation of a chain of interaction between higher
2019-06-17
Medea MelashviliNunu KistauriKetevan Kveladze
MODERN ASPECTS OF TOURISM ECOLOGY IN THE CONDITIONS OF "GREEN ECONOMY"

Summary  International organizations  regard tourism as one of  leading sectors of the global economy, "green" modernization of which can provide a transition to a new economic model "green economic" development, which means the unity of various farming activities to produce tourist products; It is based on: the use of resource-saving technologies, of fresh products which minimize the waste into the environment and risks of degradation of natural capital; Ensures preservation of traditions and cultural heritage, employment and stable income of the population both nowadays and in the future. The article is dedicated to modern aspects of tourism ecology in terms of "green economy". It has studied the ecological and economic factors of development that will facilitate the transition to an ecologically safe green model of tourism. In addition, it has reviewed international programs of ecology, certification systems, and resource saving innovative technologies that
2019-06-17
Boris Chichinadze
PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN GEORGIA

Summary  Regardless of the reforms carried out by the central government over the years in local self-government, the situation is still difficult and the necessity of  significant reforms is still on the agenda. Observing the past years has shown us, that divergence still remains as main issue between the central and the local authorities. There are also many problems such as: inadequacy of troublesome issues in property and finances, local government and local business sector inefficiency during the cooperation, as well as low involvement of citizens in solving local issues, the lack of local innovative views that create important problems when attracting domestic and foreign investments in local self-government. Although local government financial independence is guaranteed by the Constitution and other laws, there is still a lot to do in the way of local self-government in order  to gain  budget-financial independence. Local self-government has been given
2019-06-17
Lali Kharbedia Mariam Kharbedia
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE KOLKHETI NATIONAL PARK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOTOURISM

Summary Directions of Georgia's economic development are basically determined by its geographical location, which is connected with the function of our country a link between Europe and  Asia. Lots of countries in the world know Georgia from this point, but geographical location, different nature and climate revieled the country's tourist potential. Georgia's government worked out the strategy of the development of tourism and now it is recognized as the priority field of economics. In Modern world especially essential is the conception of sustainable development. Sustainable tourism helps to agree the affairs of environmental  protection and farming of local population aims for the development  of farming. Sustainable tourism means development of ecotourism that is one of the prerequisite of existence of protected areas and natural heritage. Georgia is famous for its many protected areas and various natural heritage. We must mention Kolkheti national park as one of
2019-06-17
Madona KhuskivadzeVasil Tsikvadze
XYLEM SCRAPS, RECEIVED AFTER WOOD MANUFACTURING – AS A PERSPECTIVE BUSINESS

Summary  There are reviewed the types and classification of xylem scraps in a wood manufacturing in this article, such as the problems depending on it and the way how to use them rationally. The wood manufacturing is one of the high growth industry in the human economic all over the history. The process of wood manufacturing is related with a huge amount of xylem scraps. This would be not only environmental protection, but also perspective and profitable business. This economy is one of the most actual economies, with low competition and big sale opportunities. The recycling of Xylem scraps must be possible for the small business in Georgia, which results more employment opportunities. The material availability, easy sales potential of the final product, all these make this business more attractive. Desire and possibilities are only crucial in this economic. Here you can produce the coal or the tiles on the xylem ground. It could be started by the fragmenting of xylem scraps
2019-06-17
Joseph Archvadze
REFLECTION OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN THE PARAMETERS OF THE COUNTRY’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT(BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF GEORGIA AND POST-SOVIET COUNTRIES)

Summary  The process of transition from Georgia’s administrative-dictatorial system to market economy was carried out dramatically and its consequences are not completely overcome after the period of nearly three decades. As of 2018, Georgia is listed among those three Post-Soviet countries (together with Ukraine and Moldova) where economy has not reached the 1989 level of the production of GDP. Furthermore, from amongst the 15 Post-Soviet countries, Georgia occupies the first place in terms of decrease of the general quantity of population during the last 30 years (compared to 1989 the number reduced by 32%). Because of the fact that during the mentioned period the quantity of the population decreased more than the GDP of the country (-15%), the level of the GDP calculated in terms of per capita prices since 2014 exceeds the same indicator of 1989. In essence, the excess of the average parameter for the improvement of the population’s economic condition, compared to
2019-06-17
Avtandil SulaberidzeGeorge Aptsiauri
CHALLENGES OF CITIZENS MOBILITY BETWEEN GEORGIA AND EUROPEAN UNION BASED ON FREE VISA LIBERALIZATION POLICY

Annotation.The article reviews the dynamics and major factors of the population migration process of Georgia. The implementation of the obligations of Georgia according to the Agreement on Free Visa Liberalization regime between European Union and Georgia, together with structure of the migrants of Georgia and motivation of potentials migrants and analysis of the legislative basis and institutional changes connected with the activation of the Free Visa Liberalization regime is taken into account. Keywords: Liberalization, Migration, Readmission, Illegal migration, Legislative acts, Institutional mechanisms, Visa regime, Potential migrants, Migration motivation, Unemployment.   Introduction After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the EU's support for newly established democratic countries has primarily been reflected in their free trade and free movement of citizens agreement in the EU countries, which in turn will promote greater opportunities for education and professional
2019-06-17
Nino GomelauriTsitsino Gvritishvili
FORMATION OF THE POSITIVE FACE OF A FAMILY IN GEORGIA

Summary  The article deals with the analysis of the formation of the positive face of a family. The family is a foundation of a society and, therefore, it affects the development of the society by such means as the population reproduction, enrichment of its material and spiritual values, and rearing of the future members of the society. The transformation of the social life, which began during the last decades of the twentieth century, had a substantial impact on such significant social institutions as are family and marriage. Demographic statistics depicts the following type of changes of the family institution: family nuclearization, fertility reduction, growth of the share of divorce and incomplete families. The transformation of the family institution entails the increase in the forms of alternative family. Depopulation is the result of the global transformation of society, change of family’s role, and decrease of the family’s functions, primarily its
2019-06-17
Naira VirsaladzeMavlina Kipiani
MODERN ASPECTS OF LABOR STRUCTURE AND POTENTIAL OF GEORGIAN POPULATION

Summary  In the conference topic “Modern Aspects of labor structure and potential of Georgian Population”  the age group of Georgian population is reviewed, individual age groups and their share in the age structure of the population and factors affecting the age structure are characterized, the labor potential of the Georgian population and the labor loading indicators are studied and analyzed. The research revealed that the age structure of the Georgian population was significantly changed and the share of older population is gradually increasing and the share of the young population is decreasing.  In terms of age structure there are significant differences among the regions of Georgia. The labor potential of the population is low and the labor loading indicators are high. The demographic processes in the country, namely birth, mortality, migration, have a significant impact on the population's labor potential and the formation of age structure of
2019-06-17
Revaz Lortkipanidze
NETWORK MANAGEMENT WITH “GREEN APOTHECARY” FOR OVERCOMING DEMOGRAPHIC PROBLEMS

Summary         The research has confirmed that arrangement of outpatient sites in high mountainous villages by means of "green pharmacies" will substantially increase the effectiveness of the business in the country, return youth to the mountains, create jobs in different fields of economy.         By the author of the study is revealed that the main feature of the classical notion of perfect competition - "infinitely growing number of competitors" do not correspond to the truth, because the force of competition, which is estimated by us with the analogy of physics law about electrical current, possibly, will achieve different optimal values in different situations owing to competitors of various amounts. Accordingly, the author expresses a thought against the "ants" market and offers the definition of perfection in accordance with efficiency criteria.         Hence, the
2019-06-17
Dali Magrakvelidze
TAXES - AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN CHANGING THE SOCIAL CONDITION

Summary To understand the essence of a tax one needs to keep in mind that when there is  a tax there are two parts in price, one that costumer pays (PD) – called the price of demand, and other one received by a supplier (PS) – called the price of supply. The price of demand and the price of supply are different in amount of tax. In this work I study the variations of prices when amount taxes or cost taxes are imposed.  In addition, we investigate if the economic conditions are worsening or improving while increasing or decreasing taxes. The taxation of goods usually leads to the increase of price paid by the consumers and to the reduction of price received by supplier. This is an obvious expenditure for the consumers, but from the point of view of an economist the actual cost of the payments is the quantitative reduction of goods. The government receives profit from taxes, and the consumers who use the government's support connected to this profit, are
2019-06-17
Lela Menabdishvili
THE PECULIARITIES OF FAMILY MANAGEMENT IN GEORGIA

Summary  Since the second half of the last century, not only in Georgia, but also abroad, the significant changes in the family have begun. These changes are related to the distribution of power within the family, dominance, leadership, responsibility, distribution of obligations and the performing role relationships. In the majority of the families, the balance of power has been established. The term "head of the family" by its olden meaning has now become a tradition of the past, but it’s still necessary in the structure of family relationships and, in addition, it’s a functional role that can be performed by both men and women. The demand for "the head of the family" is decreasing more and more in society. The number of those who share the necessity of having a head in the family has been halved over the last ten years. However, in the context of gender studies, the male respondents are more likely loyal to the institution of "head of the family" than women. One
2019-06-17
Nana Menabdishvili
THE SELF-ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES OF THE FAMILY

Summary  There are different factors that determine the family well-being. One of them is the economic sphere. It does not really play a minor role in the emotional relationships of spouses. Any family faces the problems of solving such important issues as: the consumption of social production; the organization of family financial-consumer and economic issues; The creation of satisfactory economic foundation for the various needs of family members; The provision of housing issues; The ensuring descendants; The capital accumulation and production. Each family manages to solve these issues differently because of their individuality.   The total income of families of respondents freely or fully meets the needs of only a small part of families, and the number of those who are dissatisfied with family income is 6.7 times higher than the number of satisfied. For a successful marriage it’s necessary the coordination of both - the needs of married couples and the
2019-06-17
Nika KitoshviliAna Anushidze
THE ASPECTS THAT AFFECT THE ECONOMIC STABILITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

Summary              The purpose of this essay is to identify special aspects in the sphere of the economy of the Republic of Azerbaijan. We will use several methods for our purpose. As for our goal, the article raises two key questions: First, what are the special aspects of the economy of the Republic of Azerbaijan? Secondly, aspects that affect the economic stability of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Keywords: economic policy, economic diversification, energy
2019-06-17
Tamara Gvenetadze
THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF IMPULSE BUYING BEHAVIOR

Annotation.The purpose of this work is to highlight important facts about the modern buying behavior particularly the issue of an impulse buying and its influencing factors. The model of consumer buying behavior is compared to the impulsive buying behavior. During the past couple of years, the worldwide interest and attention has increased towards the study of consumer behavior- “behavioral economics”.  In the modern age of globalization consumer behavior is driven by nontraditional channels. Avoiding and rejecting impulse buying is becoming more and more difficult in presence of current various stimulational strategies leading to a negative impact on the financial situation of consumers. Therefore, in order to avoid impulse spending the author considers and advices consumers to address the rational model of buying behavior since it highlights the need recognition and planned purchase action. Key words:International economics, globalization, consumer behavior,
2019-06-17
Giorgi Dididze
REGIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AS AN ELEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL-ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF INNOVATION POLICY

Summary  Implementation of innovation policy at regional level seems to be impossible without active governmental support. Increasing competition on the world market has stimulated clustering process. Implementation of innovation policy at regional level is based on the following postulates: measures for ensuring active growth of knowledge providers (new technologies, prospective scientific research etc.); attraction of highly-qualified labour force to regional areas; creation of network of business incubators; establishment of research organization and long-term financing; ensuring flows of venture capital in the region etc. Following recommendations are elaborated to encourage development of regional innovation systems: Existence of active clusters represent the main basis for creation of effective regional innovation systems. Establishment of long-term links with other regions’ universities and research organizations. For the small and medium-sized regions with
2019-06-17
Levan Kikilashvili
HEALTH SUPPORT IN THE ASPECT OF ECO_INFRASTRUCTURE IN GEORGIA

Summary Georgia faces big challenges at the beginning of the new millennium, in large cities the risk of causing various diseases is high, which is often associated with environmental pollution and the lack of green ecosystem. Our country is distinguished by a diverse natural landscape that enables us to develop a new social-economic form of state. One of the main directions of its achievement is to create eco-infrastructure and relevant support systems that help the public to maintain the long and healthy life. At the beginning of new millennium, Georgia has faced a variety of environmental challenges. The reduction of green space and poor air quality became the major underline risk factor in the rise of many types of diseases in big cities. One of the distinct characteristics of Georgia is its unique natural resources and landscapes. That creates a possibility to design strategies for more sustainable social-economical development of our country. We believe the development of eco
2019-06-17
Bekar Kilasonia
ECONOMIC INDICATORS AND CHANGES IN THE PROJECT OF THE 2019 STATE BUDGET

Summary The main basis for success of any country in the world is to achieve a high rate of economic growth, however this is a small list of countries. Economic growth, critical analysis of its results and an approach to economic growth, Namely the concepts of its restriction, which have not been so long ago, are responding to the acute problem. Economic indices give us a glimpse of the complete picture of the economy. The state has an opportunity to see its nokes and then find ways to solve the existing problems. Healthy economy is a strong state guarantee, the strong state is a guarantee of economically strong population, the  economically strong population is an unwavering lever to build a powerful state, and this is a kind of circuit pattern that connects a single chain.   Key words:  " Gross domestic product ", "Economic Growth ", " Foreign Direct Investments", "Economic freedom ", "Budget draft", "State
2019-06-17
Ani Meskhi
The Role of Circular Economy in Mitigating Climate Change

Summary Most countries including Georgia are facing the consequences of global climate changes . Emissions of carbon dioxide, which accounts the largest share of greenhouse results in climate changes caused by human entrepreneurial activities. It has negative impact on the development of economy. The paper deals with a model that analyzes the Expected Duration of Life depending on Carbon Dioxide emission and the cost of Health Insurance. In this context the Circular Economy has the potential to significantly contribute to climate change mitigation efforts through reducing Carbon Dioxide emissions. Keywords:Sustainable Development, Circular Economy, Climate
2019-06-17
Lasha Kelikhashvili
ASPECTS OF FORMATION OF “GREEN ECONOMY“ AND GOVERNMENT’S ROLE IN THIS PROCESS

Summary  “Green economy” is a new issue in the field of environmental governance. The Rio Conference in June 2012 reflected a trend that focuses on the economic system. Despite the fact that many actors, organizations and politicians hope that the formation of green economy is relatively easy to reach, there is no clear vision of what has to be done. United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) report, states that a green economy leads to “improved human well‐being and social equity, while significantly reducing en‐ vironmental risks and ecological scarcities”. The first goal of the research is to explain the characteristics of “Green Economy” and its relationship to several macro variables. To solve this problem, we need to measure “degree of greenness” and EP and GGE indices are employed for this purpose. Another goal of the research is to evaluate governmen’ts potential and existing impact on the “dagree of
2019-06-17
David Keshelava
THE POTENTIAL OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY IN GEORGIA AND ITS MACROECONOMIC CONTEXT

Summary  Georgia’s geographic location, distribution of the natural resources and the level of economic development of the country makes the renewable energy industry as the one of the most vibrant, fast-changing, and transformative sectors of the Georgian economy. However, according to the great majority of the studies, Georgia has only partially utilizes its hydropower resources and has just begun studding potential of the wind energy. Furthermore, almost unused solar energy and nontraditional renewable energy sources could be considered as a wasted potential for the country. It worth mentioning that alongside with the unrealized potential, Georgia’s electricity production is characterized by seasonality – the country is importing electricity in winter, while exporting it in the summer. The notable seasonal variation of the electricity production underlines importance of diversifying renewable energy sources. Under considering the role of the renewable
2019-06-17
Nino Zhorzhikashvili
CAPITAL ADEQUACY INDICATORS ACCORDING TO THE BASEL III AND CONDITION OF INDICATORS FORFINANCIAL SECTOR OF GEORGIA

Summary     Financial stability is the main challenge of any country, especially after the 2008 global financial crisis. A healthy financial system is creating the conditions for economic development and achieving economic goals. Hence the capital adequacy ratios and indicators are playing  crucial role for  the financial sector, providing stability and protective role of systemically important banks to avoid  economic or financial shocks successfully . The Basel Committee for Banking  Supervision permanently publishes the Action Framework  related to capital requirements, in order to ensure financial stability, implement effective banking supervision and risk management. Keywords: capital adequacy indicators, macroprudetial policy, financial stability, supervisory
2019-06-17
Tsotne Zhghenti
POTENTIAL OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN GEORGIA & ITS ROLE IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Summary  Establishing a sustainable and green economy is very actual challenge in modern world. Polluted urban environment and high dependence on non-renewable energy recourses are problems for developing countries including Georgia. Which green energy types can be lead the process in Georgia? How synergy effects can improve our potential to provide and to consume clean energy. We will evaluate the opportunities of renewable energy in country. Research is determining green energy contribution in energy sector growth and its benefits in overall economic development. Also, long-term predictions about renewable energy sector impacts on economic growth and other macroeconomic parameters. This data consists assumptions, operational and financial indicators about ongoing and potential renewable energy projects. These projects (Total – 246 project) are arranged into four groups: Construction and Licensing Stage Feasibility Study Stage with Construction
2019-06-17
Salome Silagadze
CLIMATE CHANGE AND MIGRATION

Summary  Climate change has been becoming an important subject of discussions for regular citizens and scientists, all over the world. The future and the consequences that the humanity is creating for itself cannot be foreseen directly. However, it is evident that throughout our actions we are  dealing with natural cataclysms and general changes that effect both economy and global society. The article "Climate Change and Migration" explores how global warming and its effects affect humans, in terms of migration. The paper discusses various aspects of the environmental migration. Recent events (like hurricane Katrina) that caused significant economic and moreover, social losses have proved global warming will cause metamorphosis that shall effect global society in various ways. Although, the term "environmental migrant" is relatively newly coined term, it is evident that due to natural cataclysms a growing number of people will have to leave their habitat, against their
2019-06-17
Nino Talikadze
THE CONCEPT OF GREEN ECONOMY AND GEORGIAS POSITION IN THE GLOBAL GREEN ECONOMY

Summary  The green economy provides people's well-being and social equity, significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological losses. The green economy is a model of economic development based on sustainable development and knowledge of ecological economics. It creates green jobs, provides sustainable economic development, and reduces environmental pollution, climate change, environmental degradation and risks to exclude resources. It stimulates business to produce green products and services. According to the 2018 Global Green Economy Index (GGEI), Georgia is taking an intermediate position among world countries. On the other hand, according to the Environmental Performance Index (EPI), Georgia meets only in the second half of the world, but with improved indicators. Georgia is rich in natural resources and has the potential for rapid development. As the trends show, many countries around the world are actively involved in the green economy, because it is the business
2019-06-17
Irma Tkemaladze
NONSTANDARD FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT - SYSTEMIC RISK OR THE WAY FOR INCREASING THE GENERAL ECONOMIC WELL-BEING

Summary  Reduction of unemployment and production costs, increasing productivity and motivation, more flexibility in working hours, the possibility to get a job and extra income in any part of the world are the benefits associated with the nonstandard forms of employment. However, there are some negative effects and consequences as well, like decrease in social protection of workers, reduction of control over production costs, psychological problems related to the uncertainty of future, the risk of protecting the confidentiality of information, negative impact on the economy in terms of budget and tax consequences. It is hard to determine whether nonstandard forms of employment have more positive or negative effects. However, one thing is obvious, modernization of the labor market in response to structural changes of economy and changes in the character of labor is an inevitable
2019-06-17
Malkhaz Dzadzua
MICROFINANCE AND GREEN FINANCING

Summary  In the modern world, it is increasingly important that the private sector takes environmental and social responsibility issues into account as an integral part of its business strategy. Since the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015, this topic has become of particular importance not only for the governments of most countries but also for global financial institutions as one of the key components of achieving sustainable development. Huge efforts and financial resources are needed to ensure sustainable development and achieve climate and environmental objectives. It is estimated that total global investment needs for achieving the SDGs are around USD 5-7 trillion per year. In particular, support of private finance is needed, with public finance serving to leverage such private capital. It is obvious that poor and developing countries are most exposed to climate change, bearing significant economic and social costs. They are most affected by climate risks given
2019-06-17
Bashir Hajiyev
GREEN TOURISM AS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF THE TRANSITION TO A GREEN ECONOMY

Annotation. Green tourism as an important component of the transition to a green economy is considered in the article. Analyzing the features of this transition, the author considers the existing challenges for the development of green tourism, opportunities in the context of a green economy, as well as the creation of conditions for greening of tourism. Keywords: green tourism, green economy, ecotourism, transition.  Introduction Currently, the transition to a green economy is one of the priorities of the world community on the path to sustainable development. Tourism, and especially green tourism, is an important sector where transformation is necessary and possible. As known, a green economy is a system of economic activities related to the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services, which lead to an increase in human well-being in the long term, while not exposing future generations to significant environmental risks or ecological scarcity. The UN
2019-06-17