კონფერენცია

∘ Ramaz Abesadze ∘
GLOBAL THREATS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY

Annotation. The national economy is greatly influenced by both economic and non-economic factors occurring in the world. The paper discusses global economic and non-economic threats of economic security. The following are distinguished from global economic threats: economic crises; energy problems; poverty; food; resource depletion (exhaustion of oil, natural gas, coal, timber, non-ferrous metals, shortage of water resources); space exploration, useage of the World Ocean resources, etc. Global threats of a non-economic nature include: peacekeeping; disarmament and arms control; problems of developing countries; demographics ; ecological problems (catastrophic environmental pollution: pollution of the atmosphere, water and soil; reduction of biodiversity; climate change: global warming; ozone holes, greenhouse effect; international terrorism; drug trafficking; ethno-political conflicts; protection of the human rights and freedom; preservation of cultural diversity; cybersecurity, and
2025-09-29

∘ Joseph Archvadze ∘
MODERN PROBLEMS OF NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY IN GEORGIA

Summary National food security refers to the ability of a country or region to ensure reliable access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food for its population to maintain a healthy and active life. This is a key component of national security, economic development and public health. The food problem is generally both physiological and socio-economic. In addition, food security also has a political aspect. - This is the country's potential to produce and access food products in such quantities that it does not make the state overly dependent on other countries, without turning the food supply process into an instrument of political influence (embargo, supply constraints, price manipulation, etc.) by the latter. At the macroeconomic level, it is necessary to have a level of food security in the country that meets at least four main conditions: a) ensuring the country has the necessary and sufficient quantity of food and basic food products to meet the physiological needs of
2025-09-29

∘ Davit Aslanishvili ∘
DEDOLLARIZATION: INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE

Annotation.Since the restoration of Georgia's independence, the Georgian currency has been the main symbol of Georgia's economic independence. Despite this, over the past 35 years, the currency has not been fully used, which is due to the real lack of one of the functions of money - storage, that is, the factor of trust in it. The article reviews the larization program that began in 2016 and international experience. Keywords:Dedolarization, Lari, Function of money, currency, convertibility. At the end of 2016, a number of initiatives were announced and implemented in the economy and financial market at the initiative of the Georgian government. The goal of these measures was and is to reduce the impact of external shocks and stimulate the economic development of the domestic market. As well as to mitigate a number of acute local imbalances that concern many of our citizens. Currently, we are considering only one aspect, the implementation of which was entrusted to the
2025-09-29

∘ Adalat Baba Azizov ∘
EFFECTIVE DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM FOR PUBLIC CATERING SERVICES IN AZERBAIJAN

Annotation. The purpose of the research work is to analyze the current state of public catering services in Azerbaijan. Also, the issue of researching and evaluating the development perspectives of public catering facilities by types was also considered. In the article, directions for improving the mechanism of regulation of public catering services in Azerbaijan were widely analyzed and important proposals for the further development of this field were considered. Key words: Public catering, bar, cafe, restaurant, canteen, fast food, coffee shop, confectionery, pizzerias, snack bars, meatball restaurants. Introduction Public catering is a service sector engaged in the production and sale of ready-made food and semi-finished products. Public catering is an entrepreneurial activity related to the organization of the production, processing, sale and consumption of food products. In the post-Soviet years, public catering facilities in Azerbaijan were mainly divided into the following
2025-09-29

∘ Givi Bedianashvili ∘
MACROSYSTEMIC CHALLENGES OF THE COUNTRYS SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF ENSURING GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVENESS

Summary In the context of a transforming global order, ensuring economic security and maintaining global competitiveness are vital for national development and societal well-being. This study aims to develop macro-level conceptual approaches to formation strategy and relevant economic policy that support sustainable global competitiveness and economic security, with specific recommendations for Georgia. Using systems analysis, the research identifies key strategy and socio-economic policy requirements such as long-term orientation, comprehensiveness, flexibility, and adaptability. Keywords: new world order, confrontational globalization, global sustainable competitiveness, socio-economic
2025-09-29

∘ George Berulava ∘
INNOVATION AND R&D IN GEORGIA: CURRENT SITUATION, CHALLENGES AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary This study critically assesses the structural configuration of innovation and research & development (R&D) in Georgia to derive policy-relevant inferences. Evidence indicates persistently low R&D intensity, insufficient articulation between higher education institutions and industry, and institutional impediments to technology adoption and commercialization. Key constraints identified include suboptimal allocation of financial resources, skills mismatches within the labor force, and regulatory frictions that inhibit scale-up of innovative activities. The analysis synthesizes these findings into targeted, evidence-based recommendations: augmentation of public and private R&D funding; reforming incentive structures for knowledge transfer and commercialization; implementing coordinated skills development initiatives. The proposed measures are prioritized by feasibility and potential impact. The study offers actionable guidance for policymakers and practitioners
2025-09-29

∘ Vakhtang Burduli ∘
THE STATE OF FORMATION OF INNOVATIVE ECONOMY IN THE REGIONS OF GEORGIA AND EXISTING ECONOMIC DIFFICULTIES

Summary The article presents some elements of the classification of types of innovations, as well as mechanisms for coordinating the dissemination of innovations. Some main directions of implementing innovations in the modern period are considered. Further, the state of coordination of the formation of an innovative economy by the Agency of Innovation and Technology of Georgia, as well as the state of dissemination of basic innovative technologies in the regions of Georgia are considered, some difficulties are identified and ways to overcome them are outlined. The regional components of the formation of the innovative economy of Georgia are systematized and the state of their use in the regions is shown. The last section examines the existing economic difficulties in the formation of the innovative economy and some ways to overcome them. Key words: diffusion of innovations, basic, improving and pseudo-innovations, innovation cluster, technology park,
2025-09-29

∘ Nugzar Todua ∘ Grigol Kartsivadze ∘
STUDENT ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE USE OF CHATGPT IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Summary The article explores the application of ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence technology, within the context of higher education. Based on the analysis of significant literature on the research topic, the main variables of the study are presented: perceived ease of use of ChatGPT, perceived usefulness of using ChatGPT, attitude towards ChatGPT, behavioral intention to use ChatGPT, and Usage behavior of ChatGPT. The corresponding hypotheses are formulated and a research model is developed. The research design was based on a quantitative research method, namely, a consumer survey, and a questionnaire consisting of several structured questions was selected as a research tool. The study measured variables and relevant chosen items based on the literature. A five-point Likert scale is used in the questionnaire. The survey was conducted using the electronic interview method. The research uses a self-administered survey method. The research's target audience was Georgia's
2025-09-29

∘ Lia Totladze ∘ Mamuka Khuskivadze ∘
INNOVATIVE DISTRICTS AS A FACTOR OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Summary Innovation districts are a key driver of modern urban development and are directly linked to the urbanization process. While sustainable urbanization is a multifaceted concept with economic, environmental, and social dimensions, the role of innovation districts is particularly significant in the social dimension. This is because they directly impact people's quality of life, public welfare, and the city's capacity for innovation. This paper define the core characteristics of innovation districts, examine examples of successful modern districts, and focus on the potential and importance of creating a innovation district in
2025-09-29

∘ Gulshan Yuzbashieva ∘
THE IMPACT OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITY ON THE RESULTS OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Summary The article notes that it is advisable not only to forecast the volume and directions of investments, but also to comprehensively assess their impact on the technical and technological condition of the fixed capital used in the production process. The growing volume of investments creates favorable conditions for the modernization of production equipment, the introduction of new technologies and the abandonment of obsolete technical solutions. This, in turn, contributes to increasing the sustainability of enterprises, improving the asset structure and forming an effective resource management system. Investments play a key role in increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in the domestic and foreign markets. They provide not only an increase in labor productivity, but also an improvement in the quality of products. The article pays special attention to the innovative aspect of investment activity, since it is investments in research and development that are the basis
2025-09-29

∘ Murman Kvaratskhelia ∘
სიღარიბის რეტროსპექტივა

ანოტაცია. სტატიაში განხილულია სიღარიბის როგორც კატეგორიის თეორიული ანალიზი, მისი არსებობის სხვადასხვა ფორმები. საზოგადოებრივი ფორმაციის ცვლილების შედეგად როგორი ტრანსფორმაცია განიცადა სიღარიბემ და წარმოიშვა „ახალი ღარიბები“, რომლებიც წინა ფორმაციაში მოსახლეობის საშუალო ფენებს განეკუთვნებოდნენ და ცხოვრების დონით კმაყოფილები იყვნენ. ამ მიზნით გამოკვლეულია
2025-09-29

∘ Murman Kvaratskhelia ∘
RETROSPECTIVES OF POVERTY

Summary The article discusses the poverty as theoretic analysis of category, different forms of its
2025-09-29

∘ Tariyel Musallim Gurbanov ∘ Asif Mustafaev ∘ Ilkin Bayramov ∘
ANALYSIS AND REGULATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF FOREIGN TRADE IN AZERBAIJAN

Annotation.The presented article analyzes the foreign trade turnover in Azerbaijan over the past 5 years. Basically, the period after the COVID-19 pandemic was analyzed. The main goal here was to assess the regulatory role of the state. Thus, separate statistical figures of both exports and imports were taken and analyzed in the article. Then, in accordance with the analysis, forecasts were made for the next 5 years. The regulatory directions of the state for the realization of forecasts are also mentioned in the article. It is concluded that the regulation of foreign economic activity carried out in Azerbaijan in general has been stable. The main goal was to reduce dependence on imports. Undoubtedly, in this sense, the development of the non-oil sector will remain one of the main goals of the Azerbaijani state in the future. Key words: Azerbaijan, foreign trade, turnover, import, export, non-oil sector, COVID-19, forecast, CIS, regulation, finance,
2025-09-29

∘ Vladimer Papava ∘ Tamar Tapladze ∘
ON THE TRANSPORT CORRIDORS THROUGH THE CAUCASUS, LINKING EUROPE AND ASIA

Summary The paper examines the transport corridors connecting Europe and Asia through the Caucasus, focusing on two key routes: the Middle Corridor, a component of China’s Belt and Road Initiative, and the Zangezur Corridor. Both corridors serve to link Azerbaijan and Turkey, but follow different paths—the Middle Corridor runs through Georgia, while and the Zangezur Corridor passes through Armenia near the Iranian border. The analysis demonstrates that it is inaccurate to regard the Zangezur Corridor as a branch of the Middle Corridor unless Beijing formally recognizes it as such, given that the Middle Corridor is a Chinese project. The paper argues that for the peaceful development of the Caucasus, it is necessary to consider the Middle and Zangezur corridors not as alternative, but as complementary routes. Keywords: Belt and Road Initiative, Middle Corridor, Zangezur Corridor, Trump Route for International Peace and
2025-09-29

∘ Teimuraz Shengelia ∘
RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF CULTURAL FACTORS ON INTERNATIONAL COMPANIES IN THE SOUTH CAUCASUS COUNTRIES

Summary The conducted research allows us to formulate the following conclusions. After identifying economic factors according to the Denison model, using correlation and regression analysis, we assessed their impact on economic factors that determine the success of large international companies in each country. We found that the activities of Georgian companies are largely influenced by the adaptation factor, which transforms the requirements of the company's external environment into necessary actions that the company must take for business success, which is especially important in the context of an unstable, transitional economy. The main determinant of success for Armenian and Azerbaijani companies is the cultural factor of mission, which determines the important direction of the development of companies. The involvement factor, which denotes the level of responsibility of all company employees for the common cause, the company's orientation towards human potential, is important
2025-09-29

∘ Anna Chechel ∘ Natalya RUDYK ∘
SUSTAINABLE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN POST-WAR RECOVERY

Annotation. The article "Sustainable Local Development in Ukraine: Community Participation in Post-War Recovery" delves into the critical challenges and opportunities associated with fostering sustainable development in Ukrainian territorial communities during the post-war recovery period. The authors argue that integrating economic, social, and environmental dimensions is essential to achieving a balance between meeting current needs and safeguarding the interests of future generations. This comprehensive approach is seen as pivotal for addressing the widespread destruction of infrastructure, economic instability, and social disorganisation caused by the ongoing conflict in Ukraine’s eastern regions. The study underscores the importance of actively involving local populations in decision-making and implementation processes to ensure that recovery efforts align with the actual needs of communities and promote long-term sustainability. The authors explore effective models of
2025-09-29

∘ Malkhaz Chikobava ∘ Nazira Kakaulia ∘ Tea Lazarashvili ∘
WHY MAINSTREAM MACROECONOMICS FAILED TO PREDICT THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS

Summary The global financial and economic crisis of 2007–2009 is widely recognized as the worst global economic crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s; in both cases, the economic downturn was accompanied by a severe financial crisis, both crises affected large parts of the world, and in both cases, large parts of the world recovered from it. Most notably, the Soviet Union was largely unaffected by the depression of the 1930s, and the global financial crisis did not have a strong impact on China's economic growth in the late 2000s. Before the Great Depression, some economists, notably Veblen (1919), had warned of the coming crisis. Orthodox economists, including Irving Fisher, disagreed. Even after the Great Depression, orthodox economists had little useful policy advice. The English economist Arthur Pigou argued that wage cuts would reduce unemployment, while Andrew Mellon, a U.S. banker and Treasury Secretary, welcomed “liquidation” as the path to
2025-09-29

∘ Revaz Javakhishvili ∘
GEORGIAS STATE EXTERNAL DEBT AND KEY DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING ITS GOVERNMENT

Summary The paper discusses the essence of foreign debt, its historical origins, forms, structure, socio-economic purpose and functions, and defines the criteria and indicators for assessing the severity of foreign
2025-09-29

∘ Ramaz Abesadze ∘ Eter Kakulia ∘ Nana Bibilashvili ∘ Kristine (Ketevan) Kuratashvili ∘
THEORETICAL PROBLEMS OF STATE ECONOMIC SECURITY

Summary The state's permanent and most important duty is to take care of economic security. The paper examines the theoretical issues of ensuring the state's economic security. When developing an economic security plan by the state, first of all, the current situation in the country's economy should be investigated, global and national economic and non-economic threats should be determined, economic security indicators should be established and their threshold values should be established. Finally, an economic security model should be developed for a given country, which reflects the results of the work presented here and a system of measures to ensure economic security based on these results. The components of economic security are: regional economic security, financial security, energy security; Food security, organizational security, as well as the security of its individual, sphere or field, such as industry, transport, communications, tourism, transit, small business, etc. The
2025-09-29

∘ Tsitsino Dzotsenidze ∘
GEO-ECONOMICS AS A BRIDGE BETWEEN CLASSICAL AND ALTERNATIVEECONOMIC THEORIES IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL TRANSFORMATIONS

Summary The contemporary global economy is characterized by dynamics that classical economic theories alone cannot sufficiently explain. While Adam Smith’s “invisible hand” (1776) and David Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage (1817) established fundamental principles of markets and international trade, the 21st century introduces new complexities such as globalization, geopolitical tensions, technological disruption, and widening inequality (Stiglitz, 2002; Rodrik, 2011). These developments necessitate a broader, interdisciplinary framework. This paper argues that geo-economics serves as a conceptual “bridge” that connects the logic of classical market models with alternative approaches—such as institutionalism, behavioral economics, development theories, and critical political economy. The analysis proceeds in three stages: (1) revisiting classical and neoclassical models, (2) highlighting the limitations of their assumptions,
2025-09-29

∘ George Bregvadze ∘
EXPORT AND IMPORT IN GEORGIA

Summary This paper analyzes the dynamics of export and import in Georgia between 2024 and 2025, with a focus on the January–May 2025 period. It explores key statistical indicators of foreign trade, trade turnover structure, trade deficit scale, major trading partner countries, and main commodity groups. The study highlights the economic impact of exports and imports on competitiveness and outlines strategic perspectives. It concludes with recommendations to promote trade diversification and strengthen Georgia’s economic
2025-09-29

∘ Javanshir Burhanzadeh ∘
ECONOMIC RECOVERY IN POST-CONFLICT AREAS OF AZERBAIJAN: INVESTMENT POTENTIAL AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

Annotation. The post-conflict areas of Azerbaijan (especially Karabakh and East Zangezur) have significant investment potential in terms of economic, social and infrastructure development. The article discusses the rehabilitation and reconstruction work carried out in Karabakh and East Zangezur and analyzes the investments directed to the post-conflict areas of Azerbaijan. The need for specific approaches, investment management strategies and efficient use of resources for the economic rehabilitation of these areas is emphasized. Keywords: post-conflict areas, Karabakh, East Zangezur, rehabilitation and reconstruction, investment activity, investment management strategies. İntroduction Economic recovery in our post-conflict areas is of paramount importance for the long-term development of Azerbaijan after its independence. The economic security of the Karabakh and East Zangezur regions is directly linked to the diversification of the non-oil sector. Post-war recovery
2025-09-29

∘ Maya Gogokhia ∘
THE ROLE OF SAVINGS OF THE POPULATION IN THE ECONOMY AND ITS TRANSFORMATION

Summary Civilization processes have had a direct impact on the population’s understanding of the essence and role of savings. Modern researchers have brought to the forefront the macroeconomic nature of savings.In the modern world, the population has many ways to form savings, and all the diversity of savings formation is dynamic over time .Based on the views of researchers, the article highlights such functions of savings in the economy as: macroeconomic, social, investment, financial, as well as factors influencing the behavior of the population: economic, financial, socio-demographic and psychological. It is noted that from the standpoint of strategic planning of economic goals, an extremely urgent task is to identify the trend of future changes in the savings quota, which has not only a theoretical but also a practical aspect. It is emphasized that, for various reasons, the institution of accumulating cash savings of the population in foreign countries is more
2025-09-29

∘ Nata Davlasheridze ∘ Shota Tvauri ∘
THE PROBLEMS OF GEORGIAS INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT IN THE LIGHT OF THE WORKS OF NOBEL LAUREATES IN ECONOMICS

Annotation. This paper analyzes the systemic problems of Georgias innovative development through the prism of the theoretical approaches of Nobel laureates in economics. Based on the theories of human capital (G. Becker), institutional development (D. North), behavioral economics (R. Thaler), spatial economics (P. Krugman) and general resource management (E. Ostrom) key challenges are identified and recommendations for public policy are proposed. Special attention is paid to the analysis of "brain drain", weakness of innovation infrastructure, institutional constraints and behavioral barriers. The stud is based on statistical data from the National Statistics Service of Georgia, reports from international organizations and modern publications on the economics of innovation. Keywords: innovative development, human capital, institutional economics, innovation economics, behavioral economics. Introduction Undoubtedly, innovation is a key driver of economic growth in the modern
2025-09-29

∘ Nata Davlasheridze ∘ Shota Tvauri ∘
INFORMATION ASYMMETRY AND INNOVATION FINANCING IN GEORGIA

Annotation. This article examines the systemic problem of innovation financing in Georgia through the prism of Joseph Stiglitz's theory of information asymmetry. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the reasons for the market failure in the segment of venture investments and startup lending. The necessity of active state participation for the formation of a sustainable ecosystem of support for technological entrepreneurship is substantiated. Keywords: innovation, startup financing, venture capital, information asymmetry, government participation, credit guarantees. Introduction The problem of chronic lack of financing in the early stages of innovative entrepreneurship in Georgia has long been the subject of discussion in the professional community. For a variety of startups and small innovative enterprises (MIPS) the so—called "valley of death" — the gap between creating a prototype and entering the market - turns out to be an almost insurmountable barrier
2025-09-29

∘ Khatuna Tabagari ∘
GENERAL ANALYSIS OF GEORGIAS EXPORTS IN 2022-2024

Summary The article discusses the situation related to Georgias exports in 2022-2024, and a general analysis is carried
2025-09-29

∘ Tural Kishizada ∘
STRATEGIC DECISION-MAKING AND SME DEVELOPMENT UNDER MONETARY POLICY SHOCKS: EVIDENCE FROM AZERBAIJAN

Annotation: This study investigates the impact of banking sector credit policies and the Central Bank of Azerbaijan’s policy interest rate on the business environment for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) between 2010 and 2025. Using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression models, the paper highlights how monetary tightening and risk-averse banking practices constrained SME growth, while accommodative policies and targeted support facilitated recovery. The findings emphasize the need for inclusive financial reforms to strengthen SME resilience and foster sustainable diversification. Keywords: Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Banking Sector, Credit Policy, Monetary Policy, Central Bank Interest Rate, Azerbaijan, Financial Stability, Business Environment Introduction Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are vital for diversifying economies, creating jobs, and fostering innovation, especially in emerging markets like Azerbaijan where
2025-09-29

∘ Tea Lazarashvili ∘ Lina Datunashvili ∘ Teimuraz Gogokhia ∘
INNOVATIVE SECURITY AS A KEY DETERMINANT OF COUNTRYS ECONOMIC SECURITY

Summary In most countries of the world, research has been ongoing for a long time on national and ecological security. In addition, innovation in these studies is considered as a key component of economic or scientific-technical security. During this time, a methodology for studying economic and scientific-technical security has been developed, a cognitive apparatus and the structure of the categories of "national security", "scientific-technical security" and "innovative security" have been formed. Despite the fact that a lot of research has been conducted on the problem of security, it is important to note that a systematic study dedicated to the study of problems of ensuring national security in the conditions of innovative development has not been conducted to date. This especially applies to the processes of ensuring the interconnection between national security and innovative activities, the formation of the concept of innovative security and its implementation in
2025-09-29

∘ Medea Melashvili ∘ Nunu Kistauri ∘ Ketevan Kveladze ∘
SOME ASPECTS OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF FOOD SAFETYASSURANCE IN GEORGIA

Summary This paper addresses the legal aspects of ensuring food safety in Georgia. It explores the legislative framework regulating food safety both in Georgia and the European Union, emphasizing the role of international organizations that support countries in addressing related challenges, including drafting, revising, and updating national legislation. The study highlights enforcement mechanisms such as inspections, audits, fines, and sanctions, aimed at maintaining high standards of food safety. The author concludes that improving existing legislation and regulatory frameworks is essential, as ensuring food safety is ultimately a state prerogative. Keywords: food safety, legal regulation, safe food, law, international
2025-09-29

∘ Zurab Nozadze ∘
KEY ISSUES OF MACROECONOMIC THREATS AND CHALLENGES IN GEORGIA

Summary The article presents the problems of economic security in macroeconomics in modern conditions, which hinder the sustainable development of the
2025-09-29

∘ Kristine Omadze ∘
DIGITAL MONEY: HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT, AND CURRENT REALITY

Annotation. Money has a long history in human society. Over the centuries, the monetary unit and its essence have changed. It has its own history in a separate country, and each currency is unique in itself. Initially, it was simply a natural exchange, which, due to the need for exchange, took the form of bartering one commodity for another. Later, humanity invented and introduced money. In the modern world, money, in addition to being a means of payment, is also a symbol of the country's independence and real sovereignty. Due to the high pace of globalization, the issue of the existence of an "international currency" is very relevant. We are currently witnessing the "Fourth Industrial Revolution", which is transforming various spheres, and the world economy is no exception. The Internet and modern technologies have laid the foundation for such a new concept as the digital economy. The digital economy is a whole range of economic, social and cultural activities that are carried out
2025-09-29

∘ Salome Silagadze ∘
THE DYNAMICS OF GEORGIAN MIGRATION AND ASPECTS OF ITS ADVERSE EFFECTS

Summary This paper explores the key patterns and trends of Georgian emigration and the negative impacts of migration. Since gaining independence migration has become a persistent feature of Georgia’s socioeconomic landscape, driven by political instability, economic hardship, and conflict. The study draws on recent data and international research to highlight the dynamics of Georgian migration, outflow of highly educated individuals—often referred to as “brain drain”—and its long term consequences on Georgia's labor market, innovation capacity and other aspects of possible economic development. The study concludes that due to migration possible labor shortages, productivity declines, and a slowdown in innovation development are possible future issues for Georgia and its economy. The work calls for expension of policies in order to reduce the mentioned challenges by enhancing diaspora engagement and supporting the return of skilled
2025-09-29

∘ Lasha Tabatadze ∘
CHALLENGES OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY: BARRIERS TO IMPLEMENTATION AND PATHWAYS TO PROGRESS

Annotation. The circular economy (CE) presents a transformative model for sustainable economic development by decoupling growth from resource consumption. While its theoretical and policy appeal is widely acknowledged, its practical implementation remains limited and fragmented. This paper explores the key challenges facing the circular economy, including institutional inertia, technological limitations, economic constraints, regulatory inconsistencies, and socio-cultural barriers. It argues that overcoming these challenges requires an integrated systems approach that aligns stakeholders across value chains, innovates governance structures, and redefines business and consumer behaviors. Keywords: Circular economy, resource efficiency, sustainability transition Introduction The global economy is confronting mounting environmental, economic, and social pressures, including resource depletion, biodiversity loss, and escalating greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, the
2025-09-29

∘ DAVID CHELIDZE ∘
IMPORTANT TRENDS IN THE THIRTY-YEAR HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL CURRENCY AND SOME DIRECTIONS FOR OVERCOMING EXISTING DIFFICULTIES

Summary Based on the analysis of the three laws regulating the activities of the National Bank of Georgia adopted after the restoration of Georgia’s independence (August 2, 1991; June 23, 1995; September 24, 2009), the first part of the paper highlights the obligation of the National Bank to ensure the stability of the national currency—the Georgian Lari—and, consequently, to protect it from high inflationary processes. Alongside the chronological review of significant legislative norms (regulations) in force during the thirty-year period since the introduction of the Lari into circulation (October 2, 1995), as well as the amendments made to them, the paper analyzes the dynamics of the inflation targeting indicator, the actual annual inflation, and the medium-term (three-year) calculated inflation rates over the last decade (2015–2024). One of the reasons identified for the frequent deviation of actual annual and medium-term (three-year)
2025-09-29

∘ Natia Kakhniashvili ∘ Khatuna Barbakadze ∘ Nato Kakashvili ∘
MODERN APPROACHES TO LIQUIDITY RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION

Summary This paper examines the contemporary approaches to liquidity risk management within the framework of ongoing technological transformation in the banking sector. Today’s digital age is reshaping consumer behavior standards, which is particularly evident in the financial sector (Kakhniashvili N, 2025). Liquidity risk remains one of the most critical challenges for commercial banks, especially in the face of increased market volatility, changing customer behavior, and growing regulatory demands. Traditionally, liquidity risk has been managed through conservative methods, such as holding excess reserves, central bank support, and stress testing. However, the dynamic nature of modern financial systems requires the adoption of more advanced and data-driven strategies. Technological innovation has introduced new tools that significantly reshape risk assessment and management processes. This paper focuses on four major technological advancements: digital platforms, Big
2025-09-29

∘ Levan Kikilashvili ∘
BUSINESS COMPETITIVENESS IN THE ERA OF GREEN TECHNOLOGIES: PERSPECTIVES FROM GEORGIA AND THE SOUTH CAUCASUS

Summary The development of green business in the Caucasus region has become one of the key priorities in today’s economic and ecological discourse. It is directly linked to mitigating climate change, introducing environmentally friendly technologies, and achieving the objectives of sustainable development. Green business models not only create new economic opportunities but also serve as an essential mechanism for integration with global environmental standards. In this regard, the concept of a green economy reshapes traditional business paradigms and provides new opportunities for sustainable and competitive growth. In the South Caucasus, advancing green business is both a challenge and an opportunity, driven by the global climate crisis and the need for economic transformation. Green technology enterprises boost growth, ensure environmental compliance, and support progress toward sustainable development goals. Over the past two decades, Georgia, Armenia, and
2025-09-29

∘ Dali Magrakvelidze ∘
THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MODERN RISK MANAGEMENT

Summary In today's reality, with increasing market volatility, cybersecurity threats, and financial risks, risk management is entering a transformative phase. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is creating a new paradigm that replaces or complements traditional risk management approaches. The paper examines how companies, particularly in the financial and technology sectors, are using artificial intelligence to identify, analyze, predict, and manage risks. It focuses on technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing (NLP), and explainable AI. It also examines the challenges that come with integrating AI into risk management processes, including ethical issues and data privacy. Finally, recommendations and strategic directions for the effective implementation of AI-based risk management are
2025-09-29

∘ Rusudan Papaskiri ∘ Saba Papaskiri ∘
A STRATEGY FOR OPTIMIZING THE FIRMS CAPITAL STRUCTURE THROUGH FINANCIAL LEVERAGE

Summary Financial Leverage or Financial lever points out the correlativity of own means and attracted funds in long-term financing of the company. Both have it own pros and cons. The articles have been discussing the possibility of increase of income of the company and herewith, increase of risk by increasing the financial leverage. It is saying that it will be considerable, if company finances only 50% of necessity by attracted
2025-09-29

∘ Giga Pertia ∘
THE MAIN CHALLENGES OF SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTH CAUCASUS COUNTRIES AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM RATIONALLY

Summary In the conditions of modern market economies, small businesses in the South Caucasus countries are considered as the main driving force of economic reconstruction and growth. Most studies conducted over the past decades show that the number of small enterprises in the private business sector is growing faster than that of large enterprises. This indicates that small businesses should be the central point of the country's industrial policy, the aim of which is to accelerate the allocation of resources from the public sector to the private sector in order to create sufficient jobs and in this regard achieve the primary goal of sustainable development, "overcoming poverty". Small businesses in the South Caucasus countries face significant challenges, including limited access to finance, complex regulations and the lack of qualified labor force. Resolving these problems naturally requires, first of all, tailored policy interventions/tax policies. The article discusses the
2025-09-29

∘ Amin Agagulov Rovshan ∘
ASSESSMENT OF BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS IN AZERBAIJAN BY KEY RISK INDICATORS

Annotation. The presented article examines the current state of the business environment in Azerbaijan and the problems arising in its development. In particular, attention is paid to the risk factor. It is known that the development of the business environment in Azerbaijan is of great importance in terms of ensuring sustainable economic development and increasing social welfare. This necessity is based on a number of key factors that require the implementation of reforms and strategic initiatives aimed at improving the local business environment. In particular, the article notes that the economy of Azerbaijan largely depends on the oil and gas sector. This sector accounts for most of GDP and exports. But the volatility of oil prices on world markets clearly shows the risks of such a dependence. Diversification of the economy can be made possible by promoting development in non-oil sectors such as agriculture, tourism and technology. According to the latest statistics, in 2023, the
2025-09-29

∘ Marine Tsutskiridze ∘
THE FACTORESS OF BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN GEORGIA

Summary The article compiled the effectiveness of factoress in the business development of process on Georgia in this systematized new factors-modern tecnologg, innovative ways, organization knovlege, as functional of institutional elements, is annalysed the global hatyre of the interaction of market relation
2025-09-29

∘ Zurab Tsereteli ∘
THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AND COMMON WAYS TO SOLVE THE CHALLENGES

Summary In the paper is discussed about the role and importance of small business in the country's economic development. It’s based on an analysis of the current situation in the modern business sector, the main problems that extent a hinder of functioning and prospective development of the small business is identified in details. Accordingly, the ways to solve these challenges are also presented in the article. Even with supporting of tax incentives in governmental programs, the small businesses find it difficult to establish themselves in various fields of entrepreneurship, and "the shrinkage" of small enterprises by medium and large businesses is increasingly observed, especially in the retail sector. It is worth noting that the biggest challenge for Georgian economy is unbalanced development of the small business sector. That is why it is important to research this area and devise effective, complex measures to solve the problems, with real involvement of the both:
2025-09-29

∘ Nunu Kistauri ∘
METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN ASSESSING THE FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY AND BANKRUPTCY RISKS OF CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES

Summary The article reviews the financial risks characteristic of the construction sector and modern approaches to assessing the probability of insolvency. The aim of the research is to develop a methodological framework for bankruptcy risk prediction that is adapted to the specific features of Georgia’s construction industry. Both theoretical and empirical methods are employed, including the testing of Altman’s, Springate’s, and Zmijewski’s models, as well as the analysis of additional financial ratios. The findings indicate that the use of international models alone requires the inclusion of local indicators. The proposed integrated approach increases forecasting accuracy, reduces errors, and provides a solid basis for effective financial stability management. Keywords: Bankruptcy, Construction sector, Z-score models, Financial stability, Risk
2025-09-29

∘ Nino Tsivtsivadze ∘ Nanuli Dzimtseishvili ∘
METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN ASSESSING THE FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY AND BANKRUPTCY RISKS OF CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES

∘ Khatuna Berishvili ∘ Marika Goguadze ∘
ANALYSIS OF GEORGIA–EUROPEAN UNION TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND SPECIFICS OF RESEARCH

Summary The trade and economic relations between Georgia and the European Union have significantly expanded and deepened in recent years, particularly following the 2014 Association Agreement and the implementation of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA). Between 2020 and 2024, exports to EU markets increased on average by 250 million USD annually, underscoring the strategic role of the European Union in Georgia’s economy. However, economic diversification, compliance with high standards, and the attraction of investment remain key priorities to ensure the country’s sustainable development. Deepening relations with the EU market not only promotes economic growth but also enhances political and social stability. Future research and policy development should focus on market expansion, structural reforms of the economy, and harmonization with international standards to secure the competitiveness and resilience of Georgia’s
2025-09-29

∘ Lia Dvalishvili ∘ Tengiz Kavtaradze ∘
GLOBAL CHALLENGES OF FOOD SECURITY AND QUALITY ASSURANCE: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND THE CASE OF GEORGIA

Summary Food security has emerged as a critical issue in the 21st century, intensified by global challenges such as rapid population growth, natural resource scarcity, climate change, and environmental degradation. A significant portion of the worldwide population continues to face insufficient caloric intake and imbalanced nutrition. In today’s world, food security stands as one of the most pressing socio-economic challenges. These global pressures threaten both the quantity and quality of food supplies, directly linking food security to sustainable development, social well-being, and global stability. The adoption of international food safety and quality standards—such as HACCP and GMP—plays a vital role in ensuring food safety, enhancing competitiveness, and supporting integration into European Union markets. Their success depends on a systemic approach that includes monitoring, workforce training, and continuous quality control. Georgia faces particular
2025-09-29

∘ Gela Lobjanidze ∘
GLOBAL TRENDS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECURITY AND PROSPECTS GEORGIAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Summary Sustainable development prospects are closely linked to global socio-economic trends through synergistic linkages in key areas such as economic efficiency, environmental sustainability and social justice, which requires an integrated approach that takes into account the interrelationships of these directions to achieve the long-term well-being of present and future generations. Effective solutions to complex problems of theoretical and practical purpose, encompassing multi-faceted, multi-aspect internal and external factors, and comprehensive and holistic approaches to promoting sustainable economic growth, which take into account coordinated cooperation between government, business and civil society, are important for ensuring Georgia's socio-economic security. It is important that the socio-economic sustainable development of the state includes not only growth and wealth creation, but also improving the living standards of all citizens, so that Georgia becomes more
2025-09-29

∘ Tamila Arnania-Kepuladze ∘ Nikoloz Kilasonia ∘
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE CHALLENGES OF GEORGIA’S HEALTHCARE SYSTEM: PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES

Annotation. Healthcare is one of the most important and advanced areas for the economic and social well-being of both the individual and society as a whole. In Georgia, this sector deserves special attention, because billions have been spent in this direction over the years, although the results obtained are often unsatisfactory and cannot ensure the improvement of the health status of the population. The following problems still remain: the existence of a unified medical information base, the quality of services, the qualification of medical personnel, their motivation, productivity, the shortage of nurses and other low-level service personnel, and the lack of infrastructure. The aim of the paper is to discuss what are the main problems that prevent the desired results from being achieved, what institutional and economic barriers hinder efficiency, and how a number of issues can be solved with the help of artificial intelligence. Modern world experience shows that
2025-09-29

∘ AYTAKIN GASAN AKHUNDOVA ∘
EVENTS TOURISM AS A DRIVER OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN REGIONS

Summary In recent years, event tourism has firmly taken a leading position in the preferences of modern travelers, although many of them are not yet fully aware of all its benefits. Research on tourism market trends confirms that interest in large-scale events—whether in the fields of business, sports, cultural holidays, or festivals—is steadily growing. It is these trips that allow travelers to experience unforgettable emotions and a unique experience, often surpassing the impressions of a regular beach vacation, even with an extensive excursion program. This form of tourism not only attracts the attention and emotions of tourists but also becomes a powerful engine for economic growth for countries and regions. World-class events act as catalysts for the modernization of cities, improving service levels, and attracting investment to the tourism industry. So, what exactly is event tourism? Which significant events around the world can inspire tourists and become
2025-09-29

∘ Zh.S. Mirzabekova ∘
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF THE EDUCATION SECTOR ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY

Summary The article “Assessment of the impact of the education sector on the economic development of the country” examines the assessment of the impact of the education sector on the economic development of the country. It has been shown that education is a continuous process that promotes the development of psychological, social, and physical aspects of human development. Changes in the education system will contribute to increasing the efficiency of using the human factor, changing its qualitative component in order to ensure sustainability in the country's economic development. The importance of such concepts as professionalism, potential, competence, and qualifications is increasing, contributing to increased efficiency, productivity, performance, and effectiveness. However, it is necessary to take into account the obstacles that arise in the education system due to the increasing complexity of the situation and the growing uncertainty in global development. The
2025-09-29

∘ Nino Zhorzhikashvili ∘
CURRENT SITUATION AND CHALLENGES IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR OF GEORGIA

Summary The paper discusses the current situation, challenges and existing problems in the transport sector of Georgia. The transport sector is one of the fastest growing sectors, which makes a significant contribution to the country's economic development, however, the development of this sector is also associated with a number of social and environmental problems and deserves special attention both at the national and international levels. Keywords: transport sector, globalization, economic
2025-09-29

∘ Irakli Kvaraia ∘
ABOUT SEVERAL IMPORTANT CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN TBILISI

Summary Tbilisi, as the capital of Georgia, has always been distinguished by the scale of construction. But after Georgia gained independence, no construction work was carried out for a long time. With the advent of the new century, the process of residential construction, which was very profitable from a commercial point of view, began again in Tbilisi, and no attention was paid to the construction of other types of facilities. Fortunately, this trend has changed in recent years, and quite a few original public buildings have been added to the capital, of which we will focus on only a few. Among the latest buildings built in Tbilisi, the new complex of the Georgian State Broadcasting Company, completed last year, should be noted first. It is unique in its architectural solution and has already gained international recognition. The most important is the separate building of the TV and film filming pavilions with dimensions of 95,0 X 35,0 meters, where there are four pavilions
2025-09-29

∘ Ketevan Kveladze ∘ Medea Melashvili ∘ Nunu Kistauri ∘
SOME ASPECTS OF FOOD SAFETY IN TOURISM (GEORGIA)

Summary This study examines the importance of food safety in the tourism sector, with a particular focus on Georgia. Tourism is recognized as a key driver of the country’s economic development; however, challenges related to food safety continue to pose significant barriers to its sustainable growth. The paper discusses the main aspects of food safety management, identifies existing problems, and highlights the role of international organizations in this area. Statistical data and global challenges are provided to illustrate the risks and difficulties associated with ensuring food safety in tourism. Keywords: food safety, international standards, regulations, food risks,
2025-09-29

∘ Nunu Kistauri ∘ Ketevan Kveladze ∘ Medea Melashvili ∘
SOME ASPECTS OF ENSURING SAFETY IN THE TOURISM SECTOR (GEORGIA)

Summary This paper examines key aspects of safety management in the tourism sector, with a particular focus on Georgia. The study reviews the role of international organizations that set standards and manage risks in tourism, whose experiences are utilized by relevant Georgian authorities. The author presents an overview of the country’s tourist centers, including their capacity and development status. The paper also discusses the underlying causes of challenges in the sector, as well as the legislative acts and regulations governing tourism development in Georgia. Keywords: tourism, international organization, tourist and resort potential, safety, normative
2025-09-29

∘ Manana Kharkheli ∘ Davit Narmania ∘ Giorgi Morchiladze ∘ Eka Chokheli ∘ Nino Vardiashvili ∘ Shorena Davitaia ∘ Mokheil Makasarashvili ∘ Temur Tordinava ∘
TRENDS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN THE ENERGY SECTOR: THE CONTEXT OF GEORGIAS ENERGY SECURITY[1]

Summary Energy security remains one of the most critical and rapidly evolving fields in the modern world, where technological innovations play a decisive role in ensuring accessibility, reliability, and sustainability of energy. Against the backdrop of current global challenges, the resilience of energy infrastructure, optimal resource management, and the integration of renewable sources are increasingly becoming strategic priorities for states. The aim of this research is to examine the trends in the implementation of innovative technological approaches in the energy sector and to analyze their impact on Georgia’s energy security. Particular attention is given to technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data analytics, automation, smart grids, and energy storage systems, which are transforming the traditional models of energy production and consumption. The paper also addresses the emerging challenges of cybersecurity in the energy sector, which directly affect
2025-09-29

∘ Madona Gelashvili ∘
ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF GREEN DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY: ECOLOGICALLY SUSTAINABLE USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES, ECOLOGICALLY SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

Summary The concept of "green economy" is designed precisely to ensure harmonization between three components - economic, social, environmental (ecological). And this is acceptable for all groups of countries - developed, developing and underdeveloped countries. Supporters of the concept of "green economy" believe that the existing economic system, the so-called "brown economy" is imperfect. Although it has produced significant results in improving the living standards of people in general and their individual groups in particular, the negative consequences of the functioning of this system are evident: these are ecological problems (climate change, desertification, loss of biodiversity); depletion of natural capital; poverty; shortages of fresh water, food, energy; inequality in the level of development of people and countries. All this poses a threat to present and future generations. Keywords: green development, ecology, natural resources, "brown" economy,
2025-09-29

∘ Tsitsino Tetrauli ∘
GEORGIAN SOIL TYPES AND RELATED SAFETY

Summary The paper discusses the essence and importance of land resources. Georgian soil types and their characteristics are studied. The causes of soil erosion and the ways and methods of combating it are analyzed. The necessity of training more qualified personnel in the agricultural sector (soil scientists, geologists, geomorphologists, seismologists, agronomists, rangers, etc.) is highlighted, which requires support from the state. The ecological and economic threats that improper attitude towards land resources can cause are indicated. The ways and methods of preventive measures against natural disasters such as landslides, mudslides, etc. are characterized. Keywords: erosion, landslide, cultivation, bioproducts,
2025-09-29

∘ Irakli Archvadze ∘
NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF LABOR EMIGRATION AND REMITTANCES

Summary In the context of large-scale labor emigration, several socio-economic issues related to remittances require greater attention. These issues not only have a negative impact on the country's macroeconomic stability and development potential but also threaten the prospects for growth and the social sustainability of the national economy in the medium and long term. The main potential threats related to remittances include the so-called "Dutch disease," "brain drain," and the problem of moral hazard. In certain years of this century (2003-2008, 2011, 2012, 2021-2023), the Georgian national currency exchange rate against the US dollar was stronger than in the previous year. This was primarily due to large remittance inflows and foreign direct investments during these years, which totaled $39,643.02 million (with $22,718 million in cash remittances and $16,924 million in foreign direct investments). On average, a $3.0 billion increase each year significantly boosted the
2025-09-29

∘ Lela Menabdishvili ∘
POWER DYNAMICS IN THE MODERN FAMILY

Summary The presented work discusses how power and influence are distributed among family members in modern life. The latter shapes decision-making and relationships in the family. Modern power dynamics differ significantly from traditional, patriarchal structures, where power is concentrated in one individual. Today, families are oriented towards the arrangement of joint power between spouses. As sociological studies confirm, in most families, power is equal between spouses (77.5%). The economic factor has a significant impact on the distribution of power. Sociological studies conducted at different times have shown that in a certain part of families, the decisive role in the issue of power is assigned to the person who mainly provides for the family's economic security. Today, more than ever, many women provide for the family's economic security. In most cases, this happens together with their spouses. Therefore, in such families, income is distributed by joint agreement of
2025-09-29

∘ Nana Menabdishvili ∘
SOME DEMOGRAPHIC DATA IN MODERN GEORGIA

Summary The current demographic data in Georgia represent an existential threat to the existence of the Georgian state. There is a significant decrease in the absolute number of the population. Since the end of the last century, the country's population has decreased by 1,225,400 people. The situation is especially difficult in the regions. Young people living there are involved in both external and internal migration, and mainly elderly people remain in the villages. After their death, the villages empty out. The process of population aging in the country has accelerated. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the median age of the population has increased. The median age of women has increased by 4.4 years, and that of men by 4.3 years. The main reason for the increase in the median age is the decline in the birth rate. According to a sociological study, 44.2 percent of the surveyed (1,891 families) families do not have a single child under the age of 16. Such families are
2025-09-29

∘ Davit Nadiradze ∘
FROM ECONOMIC CRISES TO SOCIAL STRAIN: UNDERSTANDING DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE IN GEORGIA

Annotation: Economic threats in Georgia have significant social and demographic consequences. Historical and contemporary shocks - including the 2008 global financial crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, and regional instability - have exacerbated unemployment, income inequality, and migration pressures. These dynamics contribute to social tensions and demographic challenges, including urban-rural disparities, youth emigration, declining fertility, and population aging. This article examines the complex interaction between economic vulnerabilities, social tensions, and demographic trends in Georgia, highlighting structural imbalances and proposing integrated policy measures to foster social cohesion, sustainable development, and demographic resilience. Keywords: economic threats, social tension, demographic change, migration, urban-rural disparity Introduction Since gaining independence in 1991, Georgia has undergone profound socio-economic and political transformation, punctuated
2025-09-29

∘ Vladimer Sulaberidze ∘
DEMOGRAPHIC SECURITY STRATEGY OF GEORGIA

Summary The work presented here addresses one of the most important issues: the demographic security strategy of our country. This issue is highly relevant today and aims to halt the countrys depopulation. It also aims to stabilise population growth through the rationalisation of migration. To achieve this, the following tasks must be completed: stabilising the birth rate to ensure population growth; improving health to reduce mortality; slowing the rate of demographic ageing and increasing life expectancy at birth; rationalising migration and optimising resettlement; and stimulating marriage and the formation of strong families. The work broadly presents the expected consequences of demographic threats to the development of demographic processes with undesirable trends. Attention is also focused on the main demographic factors affecting socio-demographic threats. Keywords: Population, Depopulation, Demographic security
2025-09-29

∘ Elene Chikovani ∘
GUARANTEES OF REALIZATION UNIVERSAL RIGHTS ON LAWFUL LABOR RENUMERATION IN GEORGIA

Summary Article focuses on the problems of realization of the social guarantees in Georgia. Special attention is paid on the realization of the worthy, lawful renumeration and development equal opportunities on equal work, defined by the “International Covenant on economic, social and cultural rights “and revised version of the “Social Chart of Europe” (signed by the Government of Georgia). which ensure, in particular: remuneration which provides all workers, as a minimum, with: fair wages and equal remuneration for work of equal value without distinction of any kind, with equal pay for equal work; a decent living for themselves and their families in accordance with the provisions of Covenant. Autor stands for the researcher’s opinion to move from normative definition of social human guarantees towards the operationalization (mechanisms of the realization of the rights). Evaluates and substantiates existing challenges in lawful labor
2025-09-29

∘ Giorgi Kharshiladze ∘
SOCIAL ASPECTS OF DIGITLAL TRANSFORMATION IN GEORGIA

Summary This article aims to analyze the social aspects of digital transformation in the context of modern Georgia. It explores the spread of digital technologies and their impact on different social groups, regional disparities, education, the labor market, and social equality. The research is based on a theoretical-analytical approach and draws from the works of both Georgian and international scholars. Special emphasis is placed on digital inequality and its driving factors, as well as the role of the state in forming inclusive digital policies. The article offers recommendations to foster the digital integration of Georgia's public sphere. Keywords: digital transformation, social inequality, Georgia, technological inclusion, education, social
2025-09-29