Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics International Scientific
C O N F E R E N C E S
"ECONOMY – XXI CENTURY"
∘ Ramaz Abesadze ∘
CONTEMPORARY GEOPOLITICAL SITUATION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY
Annotation. Geopolitical factors affecting the economy, the modern geopolitical situation and the consequences of its changes on the economy are investigated in the paper. Geopolitical factors are considered: geographical, economic, political, technological, military, demographic, scientific, educational, cultural-sports, ethnic and religious. At the modern stage, the pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war had the biggest impact on the geopolitical situation in the world. As a result of these two events: the growth rates of the world economy decreased; The solution of joint global problems has been hindered; An energy, food, supply chain (during a pandemic), humanitarian and, in general, geopolitical crisis with far-reaching consequences has formed. Keywords: geopolitics, pandemic, Russia-Ukraine war Introduction Geopolitics studies the relationship between space (in all meanings of this word) and politics (Napoleon Bonaparte said: "The key to the politics of states lies
2024-10-15
CONTEMPORARY GEOPOLITICAL SITUATION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY
Annotation. Geopolitical factors affecting the economy, the modern geopolitical situation and the consequences of its changes on the economy are investigated in the paper. Geopolitical factors are considered: geographical, economic, political, technological, military, demographic, scientific, educational, cultural-sports, ethnic and religious. At the modern stage, the pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war had the biggest impact on the geopolitical situation in the world. As a result of these two events: the growth rates of the world economy decreased; The solution of joint global problems has been hindered; An energy, food, supply chain (during a pandemic), humanitarian and, in general, geopolitical crisis with far-reaching consequences has formed. Keywords: geopolitics, pandemic, Russia-Ukraine war Introduction Geopolitics studies the relationship between space (in all meanings of this word) and politics (Napoleon Bonaparte said: "The key to the politics of states lies
2024-10-15
∘ Davit Aslanishvili ∘
GEORGIAN ECONOMY RETROSPECTIVE: FROM THE SOVIET PLANNING TIME TO THE TRANSITION
Annotation. An article has described the transition of Soviet Type planned centralized economic system to market economy, its obstacles, view, and reforms. A complexity of the situation and a speedy implementation of reforms call for a thorough analysis of Georgia's social and economic stances and a research into the causes and peculiarities of the crisis, on the one hand, and a formation of an effective macro – economic policy, on the other. The objective of the research is an analysis of Georgia's social and economic stances and a subsequent definition of individual directions of macro – economic policy for the foreseeable future. Keywords: Market Economy, Planned economy, Georgia, transition, Mentality, Soviet Economy, Economic Crisis. Georgian Economy Glance: from the Soviet Planning time to the Market Transition Since the dissolution of Soviet Union, Georgia is experiencing a historic transformation of a transition from the planned centralized economic
2024-10-15
GEORGIAN ECONOMY RETROSPECTIVE: FROM THE SOVIET PLANNING TIME TO THE TRANSITION
Annotation. An article has described the transition of Soviet Type planned centralized economic system to market economy, its obstacles, view, and reforms. A complexity of the situation and a speedy implementation of reforms call for a thorough analysis of Georgia's social and economic stances and a research into the causes and peculiarities of the crisis, on the one hand, and a formation of an effective macro – economic policy, on the other. The objective of the research is an analysis of Georgia's social and economic stances and a subsequent definition of individual directions of macro – economic policy for the foreseeable future. Keywords: Market Economy, Planned economy, Georgia, transition, Mentality, Soviet Economy, Economic Crisis. Georgian Economy Glance: from the Soviet Planning time to the Market Transition Since the dissolution of Soviet Union, Georgia is experiencing a historic transformation of a transition from the planned centralized economic
2024-10-15
∘ George Berulava ∘
UNCOVERING THE DRIVERS OF LABOR MARKET INACTIVITY IN MIGRANT-SENDING HOUSEHOLDS IN GEORGIA
Annotation. This paper explored the existing interrelationships between migration and labor market outcomes of left-behind household members in Georgia. On the basis of the Georgian Household Survey, we explored alternative explanations of inactivity among left-behind members in migrant-sending households. In particular, the three effects are studied: the disincentive effects caused by additional non-labor income from remittances; substitution effect, which assumes performing a housework instead of participating at labor markets; and education effect which explains non-participation by engaging in higher education. Applying multinomial probit model, we ascertained that the accepted view on the labor market outcomes of migration according to which migration has a disincentive effect on labor participation of left-behind household members, providing them with extra incomes, is not true in Georgia. According to the findings of this study, in Georgia, migration affects inactivity on
2024-10-15
UNCOVERING THE DRIVERS OF LABOR MARKET INACTIVITY IN MIGRANT-SENDING HOUSEHOLDS IN GEORGIA
Annotation. This paper explored the existing interrelationships between migration and labor market outcomes of left-behind household members in Georgia. On the basis of the Georgian Household Survey, we explored alternative explanations of inactivity among left-behind members in migrant-sending households. In particular, the three effects are studied: the disincentive effects caused by additional non-labor income from remittances; substitution effect, which assumes performing a housework instead of participating at labor markets; and education effect which explains non-participation by engaging in higher education. Applying multinomial probit model, we ascertained that the accepted view on the labor market outcomes of migration according to which migration has a disincentive effect on labor participation of left-behind household members, providing them with extra incomes, is not true in Georgia. According to the findings of this study, in Georgia, migration affects inactivity on
2024-10-15
∘ Maryna Bilynska ∘ Solomon Pavliashvili ∘ Zurab Garakanidze ∘
THE GTS (UKRAINE)[1] FOR THE EU
Annotation. The Russia-Ukraine war, the energy security of all the countries of the wider Black Sea Area (WBSA - which includes the South Caucasus) was affected. However, this conflict had the greatest impact on the main gas supplier of the European Union - the Russian JSC "Gazprom". The article discusses the process of demonopolization of the EU gas market. In particular, it is noted that the Russia-Ukraine war has disrupted global supply chains, but this provides a new opportunity for Azerbaijan. In particular, since the US and Europe have imposed sanctions on Russian oil and natural gas, it seems Azerbaijan has a chance to increase its gas exports through the Southern Gas Corridor (SGC), which passes through seven countries (including Georgia) and supplies gas to Turkey and Southeast Europe. Currently, through SGC, Azerbaijan supplies Turkey and Europe with 16 billion cubic meters (BCM) of natural gas annually. With JSC Gazprom almost completely leaving the European energy market
2024-10-15
THE GTS (UKRAINE)[1] FOR THE EU
Annotation. The Russia-Ukraine war, the energy security of all the countries of the wider Black Sea Area (WBSA - which includes the South Caucasus) was affected. However, this conflict had the greatest impact on the main gas supplier of the European Union - the Russian JSC "Gazprom". The article discusses the process of demonopolization of the EU gas market. In particular, it is noted that the Russia-Ukraine war has disrupted global supply chains, but this provides a new opportunity for Azerbaijan. In particular, since the US and Europe have imposed sanctions on Russian oil and natural gas, it seems Azerbaijan has a chance to increase its gas exports through the Southern Gas Corridor (SGC), which passes through seven countries (including Georgia) and supplies gas to Turkey and Southeast Europe. Currently, through SGC, Azerbaijan supplies Turkey and Europe with 16 billion cubic meters (BCM) of natural gas annually. With JSC Gazprom almost completely leaving the European energy market
2024-10-15
∘ Vakhtang Burduli ∘
PROBLEMS OF THE TURBULENT STATE OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMY AND THE PROSPECTS OF GEORGIA AS A SMALL COUNTRY
Summary The article discusses the problems of the turbulent state of the world economy with an emphasis on the consideration of the processes of turbulence in the economy of the post-Soviet countries, the forms of robbery of the post-Soviet countries, the possibility of a positive role of Russian oligarchs in ensuring the progressive development of the economy of the post-Soviet states, the situation in Georgia as a small country in the conditions of the turbulent state of the world economy and ways to solve the economic problems of Georgia in modern
2024-10-15
PROBLEMS OF THE TURBULENT STATE OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMY AND THE PROSPECTS OF GEORGIA AS A SMALL COUNTRY
Summary The article discusses the problems of the turbulent state of the world economy with an emphasis on the consideration of the processes of turbulence in the economy of the post-Soviet countries, the forms of robbery of the post-Soviet countries, the possibility of a positive role of Russian oligarchs in ensuring the progressive development of the economy of the post-Soviet states, the situation in Georgia as a small country in the conditions of the turbulent state of the world economy and ways to solve the economic problems of Georgia in modern
2024-10-15
∘ Lia Totladze ∘ Mamuka Khuskivadze ∘
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS AND REALITY – CASE OF GEORGIA
Summary Todays reality in the world presents countries with new challenges. They are looking for ways of development that are fully compatible with the digital age and will determine the country's place and role in the world economic system. One of the important directions of development is the formation of an economy based on innovative, technological changes, technologies that are the basis of digital transformation. The paper discusses the essence of digital transformation and the macro and micro determinants of its expressive innovative activity. International programs of digital transformation in Georgia are reviewed. Statistical data reflecting technological changes in Georgia at the enterprise level are also analyzed in the study. The analysis is based on a survey of enterprises on the use of digital technologies and includes an analysis of both the diffusion of technologies and the hindering factors. Keywords: Digital transformation; Innovative activity; Artificial
2024-10-15
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS AND REALITY – CASE OF GEORGIA
Summary Todays reality in the world presents countries with new challenges. They are looking for ways of development that are fully compatible with the digital age and will determine the country's place and role in the world economic system. One of the important directions of development is the formation of an economy based on innovative, technological changes, technologies that are the basis of digital transformation. The paper discusses the essence of digital transformation and the macro and micro determinants of its expressive innovative activity. International programs of digital transformation in Georgia are reviewed. Statistical data reflecting technological changes in Georgia at the enterprise level are also analyzed in the study. The analysis is based on a survey of enterprises on the use of digital technologies and includes an analysis of both the diffusion of technologies and the hindering factors. Keywords: Digital transformation; Innovative activity; Artificial
2024-10-15
∘ Nazira Kakaulia ∘
CLIMATE CHANGE AND RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH IT INFLUENCE ON MACROECONOMIC STABILITY
Summary The World Bank and International Monetary Fund have said that achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will require an escalation of development financing. The report Scaling Finance for the Sustainable Development Goals highlights the relevance of efforts to implement the Sustainable Development Goals to encourage financial innovation. . Even if the role of finance in achieving the SDGs is undisputed. In the article, we have demonstrated methodologically that there are studies that show the link between sustainable finance and the SDGs based on EU countries. A sustainable finance model plays an important role in the implementation of the SDGs. The results of the study show that the more sustainable the financial model, the better the achievement of the SDGs in the analyzed group of countries. Keywords: sustainable development goals, SDGs, sustainable financial
2024-10-15
CLIMATE CHANGE AND RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH IT INFLUENCE ON MACROECONOMIC STABILITY
Summary The World Bank and International Monetary Fund have said that achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will require an escalation of development financing. The report Scaling Finance for the Sustainable Development Goals highlights the relevance of efforts to implement the Sustainable Development Goals to encourage financial innovation. . Even if the role of finance in achieving the SDGs is undisputed. In the article, we have demonstrated methodologically that there are studies that show the link between sustainable finance and the SDGs based on EU countries. A sustainable finance model plays an important role in the implementation of the SDGs. The results of the study show that the more sustainable the financial model, the better the achievement of the SDGs in the analyzed group of countries. Keywords: sustainable development goals, SDGs, sustainable financial
2024-10-15
∘ Tea Lazarashvili ∘ Eter Kakulia ∘ Teimuraz Gogokhia ∘
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Summary Environment Nature and living conditions on earth are constantly changing. The problem of climate change, which manifests itself in the increase of the average annual temperature regime of different areas on Earth, has become one of the main challenges of the 21st century. The plans of the world economy and population to adapt to the consequences of climate change are already becoming a global phenomenon. In addition, as a result of the average temperature change in various areas, the flora and fauna that are part of the regional ecosystem are changing. The rapid pace of scientific and technical progress, the development of heavy industry, the increase in the number of industrial areas contribute significantly to climate change, due to which some regions of the world become quite vulnerable. The most noticeable changes as a result of climate change are in agriculture, as the increase in average annual air temperature makes some areas unsuitable for growing
2024-10-15
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Summary Environment Nature and living conditions on earth are constantly changing. The problem of climate change, which manifests itself in the increase of the average annual temperature regime of different areas on Earth, has become one of the main challenges of the 21st century. The plans of the world economy and population to adapt to the consequences of climate change are already becoming a global phenomenon. In addition, as a result of the average temperature change in various areas, the flora and fauna that are part of the regional ecosystem are changing. The rapid pace of scientific and technical progress, the development of heavy industry, the increase in the number of industrial areas contribute significantly to climate change, due to which some regions of the world become quite vulnerable. The most noticeable changes as a result of climate change are in agriculture, as the increase in average annual air temperature makes some areas unsuitable for growing
2024-10-15
∘ Vladimer Papava ∘ Tamar Tapladze ∘
ON THE POSSIBLE CONTOURS OF THE WORLD ECONOMIC ORDER FOLLOWING THE END OF HYPERGLOBALIZATION
Summary The paper examines the issue of the world economic order changing following completion of the hyperglobalization process, a process which came about due to Russia’s war in Ukraine and the introduction of economic sanctions against Russia by the West. It is shown that, in the conditions of confrontational globalization, it is impossible, in principle, to maintain the hegemony of any one country. Confrontational globalization, and the subsequent globalization with economic security, will lead the world order to multipolarity. At this stage, it is premature to talk about countries, with the exception of the United States and, most likely, China, that might become poles in this multipolar system. Keywords: world economic order, hyperglobalization, turbulent globalization, confrontational globalization, globalization with economic
2024-10-15
ON THE POSSIBLE CONTOURS OF THE WORLD ECONOMIC ORDER FOLLOWING THE END OF HYPERGLOBALIZATION
Summary The paper examines the issue of the world economic order changing following completion of the hyperglobalization process, a process which came about due to Russia’s war in Ukraine and the introduction of economic sanctions against Russia by the West. It is shown that, in the conditions of confrontational globalization, it is impossible, in principle, to maintain the hegemony of any one country. Confrontational globalization, and the subsequent globalization with economic security, will lead the world order to multipolarity. At this stage, it is premature to talk about countries, with the exception of the United States and, most likely, China, that might become poles in this multipolar system. Keywords: world economic order, hyperglobalization, turbulent globalization, confrontational globalization, globalization with economic
2024-10-15
∘ Avtandil Sulaberidze ∘ Joseph Archvadze ∘ Vladimer Sulaberidze ∘
DEMOGRAPHIC COLLAPSE IN GEORGIA
Summary The survey showed that the average income of respondent families is noticeably higher than the corresponding average for Georgian households (1,934 lari and 1,500 lari, respectively). At the same time, the average income of the families of female respondents is approximately 200 lari less compared to the income of male respondents (1800 lari and 2000 lari, respectively). The high economic stratification of modern Georgian society was confirmed. - Only every 25th resident can be classified as rich, while almost every fourth person can be classified as poor. The living wage assessed by respondents is 4.3 times higher than the official living wage in the country. The marital status and status of respondents changes with age: if only 22.3% of respondents aged 15-29 were married, then among those aged 40-49 they were 77.8%. Among singles, the situation is the opposite: 74.6% among 15-29 summer respondents are in this status and only 7.1% among 40-49 summer
2024-10-15
DEMOGRAPHIC COLLAPSE IN GEORGIA
Summary The survey showed that the average income of respondent families is noticeably higher than the corresponding average for Georgian households (1,934 lari and 1,500 lari, respectively). At the same time, the average income of the families of female respondents is approximately 200 lari less compared to the income of male respondents (1800 lari and 2000 lari, respectively). The high economic stratification of modern Georgian society was confirmed. - Only every 25th resident can be classified as rich, while almost every fourth person can be classified as poor. The living wage assessed by respondents is 4.3 times higher than the official living wage in the country. The marital status and status of respondents changes with age: if only 22.3% of respondents aged 15-29 were married, then among those aged 40-49 they were 77.8%. Among singles, the situation is the opposite: 74.6% among 15-29 summer respondents are in this status and only 7.1% among 40-49 summer
2024-10-15
∘ Teimuraz Shengelia ∘
THE STUDY OF MOTIVATIONS OF AN INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR IN BUSINESS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE GENDER DIFFERENCES
Summary The results of the research indicate the similarity of social-personal characteristics of the group employed in the field of business. However, there are some differences between women and men employed in business. In general, men have a more positive attitude towards competition than women. The characteristics of their business activities (competitiveness, own ability to achieve success) are higher. Both groups in business as a whole prioritize active behavioral strategies. Interpersonal interaction style tends towards dominance and independence. At the same time, research has established that women in business are in many ways close to male (masculine) characteristics and are significantly different from typical female (feminist) stereotypes. Men working in business are characterized by a more positive attitude towards risk and competition, a high assessment of their own abilities and competitiveness in economic activity than women. In conflict situations, women have
2024-10-15
THE STUDY OF MOTIVATIONS OF AN INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR IN BUSINESS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE GENDER DIFFERENCES
Summary The results of the research indicate the similarity of social-personal characteristics of the group employed in the field of business. However, there are some differences between women and men employed in business. In general, men have a more positive attitude towards competition than women. The characteristics of their business activities (competitiveness, own ability to achieve success) are higher. Both groups in business as a whole prioritize active behavioral strategies. Interpersonal interaction style tends towards dominance and independence. At the same time, research has established that women in business are in many ways close to male (masculine) characteristics and are significantly different from typical female (feminist) stereotypes. Men working in business are characterized by a more positive attitude towards risk and competition, a high assessment of their own abilities and competitiveness in economic activity than women. In conflict situations, women have
2024-10-15
∘ Anna Chechel ∘ Inna Zelisko ∘ Inna Sorokina ∘
PUBLIC DIALOGUE IN SECTION OF THE MODERN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM
Introduction In the modern world, we are dealing with the fact that public administration systems are constantly faced with changes in the social environment, globalisation, and technological development, and the growing public demand for transparency and accountability of the activities of government bodies at all levels. In this context, public or public dialogue is an extremely important and effective mechanism that contributes to effective and barrier-free interaction between the government and the public, the balance of interests of different population groups, and increasing the efficiency of the entire public administration system. So, the research offered to your attention is devoted to analysing the main aspects of public dialogue, its meaning and influence in modern management systems, prerequisites and circumstances that determine its effective functioning. Basic aspects of public dialogue Starting the research, the authors emphasise that public dialogue is a
2024-10-15
PUBLIC DIALOGUE IN SECTION OF THE MODERN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM
Introduction In the modern world, we are dealing with the fact that public administration systems are constantly faced with changes in the social environment, globalisation, and technological development, and the growing public demand for transparency and accountability of the activities of government bodies at all levels. In this context, public or public dialogue is an extremely important and effective mechanism that contributes to effective and barrier-free interaction between the government and the public, the balance of interests of different population groups, and increasing the efficiency of the entire public administration system. So, the research offered to your attention is devoted to analysing the main aspects of public dialogue, its meaning and influence in modern management systems, prerequisites and circumstances that determine its effective functioning. Basic aspects of public dialogue Starting the research, the authors emphasise that public dialogue is a
2024-10-15
∘ Khatuna Berishvili ∘
THE INFLUENCE OF ETHICAL STANDARDS ON MORAL RELATIVISM
Summary The activities of managers in the field of international business ethics involve ethical challenges that are complex and multifaceted. The different legal, political, economic and cultural conditions of countries create new challenges for international managers who try to integrate the ethical dimension into their strategic decision-making processes, taking into account the specifics of different countries. Universal moral principles must be subject to different cultural contexts. Hence, ethical behavior varies across cultural contexts, even though there may be fundamental universal ethical principles. The study of ethical problems of international business shows the problems we face in this field and the solution of which is important for the sustainable development of both business and society as a
2024-10-15
THE INFLUENCE OF ETHICAL STANDARDS ON MORAL RELATIVISM
Summary The activities of managers in the field of international business ethics involve ethical challenges that are complex and multifaceted. The different legal, political, economic and cultural conditions of countries create new challenges for international managers who try to integrate the ethical dimension into their strategic decision-making processes, taking into account the specifics of different countries. Universal moral principles must be subject to different cultural contexts. Hence, ethical behavior varies across cultural contexts, even though there may be fundamental universal ethical principles. The study of ethical problems of international business shows the problems we face in this field and the solution of which is important for the sustainable development of both business and society as a
2024-10-15
∘ Levan Kikilashvili ∘
FUNDAMENTALS OF DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN BUSINESS AND BUSINESS MODELS BASED ON GREEN TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CAUCASUS
Annotation. The development of green business in the Caucasus region represents a significant and growing concern, directly tied to the mitigation of climate change, the implementation of environmentally friendly technologies, and the achievement of sustainable development goals. Green business models not only promote economic growth but also serve as key instruments for achieving global environmental objectives. In the Caucasus region, comprising Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, the concept of a green economy has become increasingly relevant in recent years, spurred by both local initiatives and the support of international organizations. This article examines the development of green business in the Caucasus region, highlighting its opportunities and challenges. It explores the implementation of green initiatives in the energy, tourism, agriculture, transportation, and industrial sectors, analyzing the social, economic, and environmental impacts of these processes. Additionally,
2024-10-15
FUNDAMENTALS OF DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN BUSINESS AND BUSINESS MODELS BASED ON GREEN TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CAUCASUS
Annotation. The development of green business in the Caucasus region represents a significant and growing concern, directly tied to the mitigation of climate change, the implementation of environmentally friendly technologies, and the achievement of sustainable development goals. Green business models not only promote economic growth but also serve as key instruments for achieving global environmental objectives. In the Caucasus region, comprising Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, the concept of a green economy has become increasingly relevant in recent years, spurred by both local initiatives and the support of international organizations. This article examines the development of green business in the Caucasus region, highlighting its opportunities and challenges. It explores the implementation of green initiatives in the energy, tourism, agriculture, transportation, and industrial sectors, analyzing the social, economic, and environmental impacts of these processes. Additionally,
2024-10-15
∘ Esmira Kazimova ∘
FROMPHYSICAL CAPITAL TO SOCIAL CAPITAL
Summary The history of economic theory and practice is a movement History, beginning with sensory perception of objects and processes and From transformation, to increasingly less perceptible objects and processes, and from objects and things to the interactions between them. Such Evolution expresses the truly tectonic shifts that Pitiri Sorokin called it a socio-cultural type of shift. In a four-volume study - In "Social and Cultural Dynamies" (1962), he argues that Western culture stands on the threshold of changing the “sensitive'' (object-oriented) type, which has prevailed for the last six centuries, integral A type in which material and ideal essence are synthesized. According to Sorokin, proof of the correctness of such a change and prediction It is abundantly given by the modern American futurologist A. Toffler In the study “Shift of Power'', in which he claims that humanity Physical and military “power'' gives way in history Economic power (money
2024-10-15
FROMPHYSICAL CAPITAL TO SOCIAL CAPITAL
Summary The history of economic theory and practice is a movement History, beginning with sensory perception of objects and processes and From transformation, to increasingly less perceptible objects and processes, and from objects and things to the interactions between them. Such Evolution expresses the truly tectonic shifts that Pitiri Sorokin called it a socio-cultural type of shift. In a four-volume study - In "Social and Cultural Dynamies" (1962), he argues that Western culture stands on the threshold of changing the “sensitive'' (object-oriented) type, which has prevailed for the last six centuries, integral A type in which material and ideal essence are synthesized. According to Sorokin, proof of the correctness of such a change and prediction It is abundantly given by the modern American futurologist A. Toffler In the study “Shift of Power'', in which he claims that humanity Physical and military “power'' gives way in history Economic power (money
2024-10-15
∘ Eliso Lanchava ∘ Giorgi Darjania ∘
THE ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE ORGANIZATION
Summary Modern global challenges dictate the need to develop new management approaches. Today, companies compete not only with goods and services, but also with knowledge and the ability to use it effectively. The success of modern business increasingly depends on the success of the processes of knowledge accumulation and application. Recently, much attention has been paid to knowledge management. The article discusses the essence of "knowledge management" and its role in the overall strategy of the organization. The purpose and tasks of its implementation in the activities of the organization are emphasized. A number of measures are proposed for the successful implementation of knowledge management in innovative activities of the organization. Knowledge is seen as an intangible asset of a company that provides a sustainable competitive advantage. Keywords: knowledge, knowledge management, intellectual capital, innovation, innovative
2024-10-15
THE ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE ORGANIZATION
Summary Modern global challenges dictate the need to develop new management approaches. Today, companies compete not only with goods and services, but also with knowledge and the ability to use it effectively. The success of modern business increasingly depends on the success of the processes of knowledge accumulation and application. Recently, much attention has been paid to knowledge management. The article discusses the essence of "knowledge management" and its role in the overall strategy of the organization. The purpose and tasks of its implementation in the activities of the organization are emphasized. A number of measures are proposed for the successful implementation of knowledge management in innovative activities of the organization. Knowledge is seen as an intangible asset of a company that provides a sustainable competitive advantage. Keywords: knowledge, knowledge management, intellectual capital, innovation, innovative
2024-10-15
∘ Ilia (Aziko) Sisvadze ∘
THEORETICAL-METHODICAL PROBLEMS OF SOCIALLY FAIR OPTIMAL EQUALITY ACCEPTABLE FROM AN ECONOMIC POINT OF VIEW
Summary Using economic-mathematical methods, the paper investigates an unexplored problem of world economic sciences, such as determining the optimal level of the Gini coefficient reflecting social justice-injustice, under which conditions the sum of joint costs of social distribution of income will be minimal, and the sum of positive effects will be maximal. For this purpose, all possible costs, positive effects of equal and unequal income distribution and their dependence on the Gini coefficient were identified. We were given the opportunity to solve the problem by the fact that under conditions of growth of the Gini coefficient, the costs and positive effects of both equal and unequal distribution change in the opposite direction. In these conditions, the sum of each takes an extreme level for the determined critical value of the Gini coefficient. Based on the goals of the research, regularities between the analyzed events were determined, their corresponding algebraic
2024-10-15
THEORETICAL-METHODICAL PROBLEMS OF SOCIALLY FAIR OPTIMAL EQUALITY ACCEPTABLE FROM AN ECONOMIC POINT OF VIEW
Summary Using economic-mathematical methods, the paper investigates an unexplored problem of world economic sciences, such as determining the optimal level of the Gini coefficient reflecting social justice-injustice, under which conditions the sum of joint costs of social distribution of income will be minimal, and the sum of positive effects will be maximal. For this purpose, all possible costs, positive effects of equal and unequal income distribution and their dependence on the Gini coefficient were identified. We were given the opportunity to solve the problem by the fact that under conditions of growth of the Gini coefficient, the costs and positive effects of both equal and unequal distribution change in the opposite direction. In these conditions, the sum of each takes an extreme level for the determined critical value of the Gini coefficient. Based on the goals of the research, regularities between the analyzed events were determined, their corresponding algebraic
2024-10-15
∘ Ana Tsulaia ∘ Levan Mikava ∘
EVALUATION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF FINANCIAL RISKS IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERN CHALLENGES
Summary Business process risk management refers to the process that identifies, evaluates and responds to risks arising in the course of business activities. Its function is to reduce the probability of occurrence of negative events and the negative consequences caused by them to a minimum, the severity of the consequences and to ensure the continuity of business activities in case of their occurrence. Any activity is associated with various risks, which have a great impact on the activities of business entities. The largest part of these risks is financial risk - this risk is related to the danger of unexpected failure or loss of expected profit, income, cash. The article discusses the financial risk management policy as part of the overall financial strategy of the enterprise and one of the prerequisites for the financial stability of the company. Keywords: Risks, risk management, financial
2024-10-15
EVALUATION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF FINANCIAL RISKS IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERN CHALLENGES
Summary Business process risk management refers to the process that identifies, evaluates and responds to risks arising in the course of business activities. Its function is to reduce the probability of occurrence of negative events and the negative consequences caused by them to a minimum, the severity of the consequences and to ensure the continuity of business activities in case of their occurrence. Any activity is associated with various risks, which have a great impact on the activities of business entities. The largest part of these risks is financial risk - this risk is related to the danger of unexpected failure or loss of expected profit, income, cash. The article discusses the financial risk management policy as part of the overall financial strategy of the enterprise and one of the prerequisites for the financial stability of the company. Keywords: Risks, risk management, financial
2024-10-15
∘ Jemal Kharitonashvili ∘
WORLD THINKERS ABOUT TRADE
Summary From the three major social divisions of labor concluding was the separation of trade from agriculture. The separation of trade has played an important but not crucial role in the progress of society. This is why prominent thinkers in world history have delicately considered the role of trade in the development of society. Of course they recognized its importance, but gave primacy to
2024-10-15
WORLD THINKERS ABOUT TRADE
Summary From the three major social divisions of labor concluding was the separation of trade from agriculture. The separation of trade has played an important but not crucial role in the progress of society. This is why prominent thinkers in world history have delicately considered the role of trade in the development of society. Of course they recognized its importance, but gave primacy to
2024-10-15
∘ George Bregvadze ∘
EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN GEORGIA
Summary The work discusses the problems of unemployment and employment in Georgia. The current state of employment and unemployment in Georgia has been analyzed on the basis of statistical materials. Ways to increase employment and eliminate unemployment are
2024-10-15
EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN GEORGIA
Summary The work discusses the problems of unemployment and employment in Georgia. The current state of employment and unemployment in Georgia has been analyzed on the basis of statistical materials. Ways to increase employment and eliminate unemployment are
2024-10-15
∘ Madona Gelashvili ∘
GREEN ECONOMY AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION CHALLENGES
Annotation. The green economy is closely linked to the concept of sustainable development. Global challenges such as climate change and the current global economic crisis, revealed a new way of perceiving the need for economic development, which will be beneficial for everyone. According to this opinion sustainable development, or balanced progress in economic, social and environmental fields at the same time, - is becoming increasingly important. New opportunities for economic growth, which was created by these new environments, made the base of the green economy concept. Green Economics is at the stage of active formation in the European states and against this background, on our opinion, consideration of these issues is much more essential in relation to changes of the level of poverty. Proceeding from this a target of the topic to be considered appears: Green Economics and a level of poverty of the population. Generally, in attitudes of different international organizations,
2024-10-15
GREEN ECONOMY AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION CHALLENGES
Annotation. The green economy is closely linked to the concept of sustainable development. Global challenges such as climate change and the current global economic crisis, revealed a new way of perceiving the need for economic development, which will be beneficial for everyone. According to this opinion sustainable development, or balanced progress in economic, social and environmental fields at the same time, - is becoming increasingly important. New opportunities for economic growth, which was created by these new environments, made the base of the green economy concept. Green Economics is at the stage of active formation in the European states and against this background, on our opinion, consideration of these issues is much more essential in relation to changes of the level of poverty. Proceeding from this a target of the topic to be considered appears: Green Economics and a level of poverty of the population. Generally, in attitudes of different international organizations,
2024-10-15
∘ Maya Gogokhia ∘
DERIVATIVES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE FINANCIAL MARKET
Summary Modern financial markets are a complex, multi-layered system. The securities market is an integral part of it and along with other segments performs vital functions for the economy. Various countries are paying more and more attention to the development of the securities and derivatives markets. New financial instruments are constantly being created in the world, the characteristics of which are in demand in economic relations. Among them are circulating instruments on the futures market. This article discusses the institution of securities at the present stage.The process of issuing and trading derivative financial instruments (options, futures, swaps) is an area of particular interest, the role of which is to reduce uncertainty about future prices. Risk insurance related to business activities is carried out through it. It is available to retail investors and is often the subject of speculation. Global derivatives markets have grown dramatically over the past two
2024-10-15
DERIVATIVES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE FINANCIAL MARKET
Summary Modern financial markets are a complex, multi-layered system. The securities market is an integral part of it and along with other segments performs vital functions for the economy. Various countries are paying more and more attention to the development of the securities and derivatives markets. New financial instruments are constantly being created in the world, the characteristics of which are in demand in economic relations. Among them are circulating instruments on the futures market. This article discusses the institution of securities at the present stage.The process of issuing and trading derivative financial instruments (options, futures, swaps) is an area of particular interest, the role of which is to reduce uncertainty about future prices. Risk insurance related to business activities is carried out through it. It is available to retail investors and is often the subject of speculation. Global derivatives markets have grown dramatically over the past two
2024-10-15
∘ Lavrenti (Zurab) Gudavadze ∘ Nodar Poporadze ∘ Gela Machaidze ∘ Gela Lobjanidze ∘
GLOBAL TRENDS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ACHIEVEMENT, CHALLENGS AND PROSPECTS OF GEORGIA
Summary The study and analysis of socio-political and socio-economic events and processes worldwide proves that it is not as safe and developed as it could be and/or could be in the future. As the world becomes more and more interconnected, it is clear that rational, effective and optimal prevention and management of all risks cannot yet be implemented. Today, the challenges are many, the goals are different, and the ways to achieve them are either politically difficult or completely new to the world. Nevertheless, leaders around the world must understand the global context in which they will navigate how these circumstances will help or hinder the progress of desired strategic goals and how best to implement strategic plans to ensure a safe and healthy environment for quality of life. To achieve a green, resilient and inclusive recovery, Georgia should focus on strengthening competitiveness, human capital, institutions and infrastructure, international and regional
2024-10-15
GLOBAL TRENDS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ACHIEVEMENT, CHALLENGS AND PROSPECTS OF GEORGIA
Summary The study and analysis of socio-political and socio-economic events and processes worldwide proves that it is not as safe and developed as it could be and/or could be in the future. As the world becomes more and more interconnected, it is clear that rational, effective and optimal prevention and management of all risks cannot yet be implemented. Today, the challenges are many, the goals are different, and the ways to achieve them are either politically difficult or completely new to the world. Nevertheless, leaders around the world must understand the global context in which they will navigate how these circumstances will help or hinder the progress of desired strategic goals and how best to implement strategic plans to ensure a safe and healthy environment for quality of life. To achieve a green, resilient and inclusive recovery, Georgia should focus on strengthening competitiveness, human capital, institutions and infrastructure, international and regional
2024-10-15
∘ Nata Davlasheridze ∘ Shota Tvauri ∘
GEORGIAS FINANCIAL SECTOR IN THE CHANGING GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM
Annotation. After the global financial crisis of 2007-2009, the framework of the international financial system was actively restructured, with the roles and places of developing countries changing. The article analyzes the current stage of global financialization and identifies recommendations for Georgia based on the country's unique features. The author notes the importance of new mechanisms that are increasingly moving to the use of complex financial technologies, primarily digital ones. Today, state participation in financialization is not limited to the traditional functions of regulation, monetary and tax policy, setting their conditions and coordinates. The article notes a significant expansion of forms and methods of interference in the functioning of markets by the state, which is already acting as an institutional investor, issuer, and platform for the implementation of financial services. The differences in the approach of Nobel laureates in the analysis of these
2024-10-15
GEORGIAS FINANCIAL SECTOR IN THE CHANGING GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM
Annotation. After the global financial crisis of 2007-2009, the framework of the international financial system was actively restructured, with the roles and places of developing countries changing. The article analyzes the current stage of global financialization and identifies recommendations for Georgia based on the country's unique features. The author notes the importance of new mechanisms that are increasingly moving to the use of complex financial technologies, primarily digital ones. Today, state participation in financialization is not limited to the traditional functions of regulation, monetary and tax policy, setting their conditions and coordinates. The article notes a significant expansion of forms and methods of interference in the functioning of markets by the state, which is already acting as an institutional investor, issuer, and platform for the implementation of financial services. The differences in the approach of Nobel laureates in the analysis of these
2024-10-15
∘ Lia Dvalishvili ∘
CLIMATE CHANGE, NEW CHALLENGES, AND FEATURES OF ITS INFLUENCE ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION OF THE COUNTRY
Summary Climate change is recognized as the most pressing challenge facing humanity. The concern of modern society and science is that the global climate is changing rapidly and gradually becoming warmer. As a result, there is the formation of various natural disasters and in some cases the development of catastrophe. The economic and social well-being of the population of any country depends significantly on climate change, considering the human casualties caused by floods, avalanches, landslides, and other natural disasters, the number of which is increasing worldwide every year. Climate change is procedurally a natural process, but 95% of it is caused by human activity. As a new conceptual challenge, it was observed in the middle of the last century, when an unprecedented and irrelevant increase in the world's average annual temperature was revealed. Seven major hazards caused by climate change (floods, hail, drought, landslides, strong winds, avalanches, and
2024-10-15
CLIMATE CHANGE, NEW CHALLENGES, AND FEATURES OF ITS INFLUENCE ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION OF THE COUNTRY
Summary Climate change is recognized as the most pressing challenge facing humanity. The concern of modern society and science is that the global climate is changing rapidly and gradually becoming warmer. As a result, there is the formation of various natural disasters and in some cases the development of catastrophe. The economic and social well-being of the population of any country depends significantly on climate change, considering the human casualties caused by floods, avalanches, landslides, and other natural disasters, the number of which is increasing worldwide every year. Climate change is procedurally a natural process, but 95% of it is caused by human activity. As a new conceptual challenge, it was observed in the middle of the last century, when an unprecedented and irrelevant increase in the world's average annual temperature was revealed. Seven major hazards caused by climate change (floods, hail, drought, landslides, strong winds, avalanches, and
2024-10-15
∘ Vazha Zeikidze ∘ Tamar Kiladze ∘ Giorgi Maisuradze ∘
PROSPECTS OF DIGITIZATION OF GEL IN GEORGIA
Summary The article analyzes the peculiarities of digital GEL issuance and circulation in Georgia. It presents the capabilities of the National Bank of Georgia to influence and control the circulation of digital GEL. Cryptolar in Georgia will be allowed to integrate technically with major organizations such as VIZA, Mastercard, eBay, Amazon and other banking institutions. To digitize the GEL, a legal framework must first be established in the country. The second step involves implementing an appropriate technological scheme to ensure secure and efficient operation. The third step is to identify the benefits accompanying digital currency and the population's ability to utilize these advantages. Based on these points, the article argues that the issue is highly relevant in the current stage of technological development. The development of digital technologies in the country forced the National Bank to create a digital GEL. Following the development of digital technologies
2024-10-15
PROSPECTS OF DIGITIZATION OF GEL IN GEORGIA
Summary The article analyzes the peculiarities of digital GEL issuance and circulation in Georgia. It presents the capabilities of the National Bank of Georgia to influence and control the circulation of digital GEL. Cryptolar in Georgia will be allowed to integrate technically with major organizations such as VIZA, Mastercard, eBay, Amazon and other banking institutions. To digitize the GEL, a legal framework must first be established in the country. The second step involves implementing an appropriate technological scheme to ensure secure and efficient operation. The third step is to identify the benefits accompanying digital currency and the population's ability to utilize these advantages. Based on these points, the article argues that the issue is highly relevant in the current stage of technological development. The development of digital technologies in the country forced the National Bank to create a digital GEL. Following the development of digital technologies
2024-10-15
∘ Maia Kapanadze ∘ Giorgi Chincharauli ∘
SECURITY OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY OF GEORGIA
Summary National economic security of Georgia, the stateIt is an important qualitative indicator of the economic system. It is the ability of the state's economic system to protect the state's economic interests, promote the stability and development of the economic system, and create normal living conditions for the population. Indicators of the security of the national economy of Georgia are: the extent of foreign competition in the country; Terms of Trade Index; import and export diversification structure; The size of the technical return of foreign trade, the ratio of the amount of monetary and foreign exchange reserves to the volume of imports; External debt service ratio. The scale of foreign competition in the domestic market of Georgia implies the amount of imports in consumption, especially according to the products for which the state has a great potential for production. - The index of terms of trade is calculated by the ratio of exports and imports in international
2024-10-15
SECURITY OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY OF GEORGIA
Summary National economic security of Georgia, the stateIt is an important qualitative indicator of the economic system. It is the ability of the state's economic system to protect the state's economic interests, promote the stability and development of the economic system, and create normal living conditions for the population. Indicators of the security of the national economy of Georgia are: the extent of foreign competition in the country; Terms of Trade Index; import and export diversification structure; The size of the technical return of foreign trade, the ratio of the amount of monetary and foreign exchange reserves to the volume of imports; External debt service ratio. The scale of foreign competition in the domestic market of Georgia implies the amount of imports in consumption, especially according to the products for which the state has a great potential for production. - The index of terms of trade is calculated by the ratio of exports and imports in international
2024-10-15
∘ Zurab Lipartia ∘ Besik Sherazadishvili ∘ Yuri Papasqua ∘
METHODOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEELOPMENT OF GEORGIA
Summary Globalization trends and society's demands caused radical changes in the political, socio-economic and innovative-technological development of countries, which, in turn, determined the formation of the state policy for the coordinated and effective functioning of the sustainable development of entrepreneurial societies. The paper reflects the opinions on the rational resolution and strategic management of the problems of the development of the economy of Georgia in order to ensure sustainable competitiveness; The priorities of substantial improvement of the level of economic sustainability of the country, development of intellectual capital and increase of resource efficiency have been marked; Also, the forecast of the global economic growth of Georgia, the strategic directions of the process of coordinating the development trends of the workforce market and the higher education system, which provide the contours of the country's new global economic reality. Keywords:
2024-10-15
METHODOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEELOPMENT OF GEORGIA
Summary Globalization trends and society's demands caused radical changes in the political, socio-economic and innovative-technological development of countries, which, in turn, determined the formation of the state policy for the coordinated and effective functioning of the sustainable development of entrepreneurial societies. The paper reflects the opinions on the rational resolution and strategic management of the problems of the development of the economy of Georgia in order to ensure sustainable competitiveness; The priorities of substantial improvement of the level of economic sustainability of the country, development of intellectual capital and increase of resource efficiency have been marked; Also, the forecast of the global economic growth of Georgia, the strategic directions of the process of coordinating the development trends of the workforce market and the higher education system, which provide the contours of the country's new global economic reality. Keywords:
2024-10-15
∘ Dali Magrakvelidze ∘
INFLATION AND ITS MEASUREMENT METHODS – SITUATION IN GEORGIA
Summary Inflation is inherently a negative event for the economy. Along with studying the causes of inflation, it is important to correctly choose the methods of calculating its rate. There are Laspeyres, Paasche and Fischer formulas for calculating the inflation index. When calculating inflation, in addition to the consumer price index, the following are also used: wholesale price index - monitors the price changes of goods before they reach retail, used by companies and governments to fix price guarantees in contracts; producer price index - monitors the selling prices of industrial and agricultural goods, as well as freight the cost of transport; Import/Export Price Index - measures the prices of goods imported and exported from
2024-10-15
INFLATION AND ITS MEASUREMENT METHODS – SITUATION IN GEORGIA
Summary Inflation is inherently a negative event for the economy. Along with studying the causes of inflation, it is important to correctly choose the methods of calculating its rate. There are Laspeyres, Paasche and Fischer formulas for calculating the inflation index. When calculating inflation, in addition to the consumer price index, the following are also used: wholesale price index - monitors the price changes of goods before they reach retail, used by companies and governments to fix price guarantees in contracts; producer price index - monitors the selling prices of industrial and agricultural goods, as well as freight the cost of transport; Import/Export Price Index - measures the prices of goods imported and exported from
2024-10-15
∘ Medea Melashvili ∘ Nunu Kistauri ∘ Ketevan Kveladze ∘
"BLUE" ECONOMY AND GEORGIA
Summary The work is dedicated to such a critical problem of today, as: world water resources, seas and oceans, their importance for the existence and further development of humanity. The paper extensively discusses the extraordinary resources and potential of the oceans, which provide enormous opportunities for the world's economic development. It is also noted here that all economic activities related to seas and oceans are united by the common term - "blue" economy, which was first used by the Belgian economist Gunter Pauli in 2004. The paper broadly presents the importance of the study and development of the "blue" economy in the inclusion of the Black Sea "blues" in international programs and its role for the sustainability and further success of the economy of the Black Sea region and in particular Georgia. Key words: seas and oceans, water resources, Gunter Paul, "blue" economy, economy without waste, "blueing" projects of the Black
2024-10-15
"BLUE" ECONOMY AND GEORGIA
Summary The work is dedicated to such a critical problem of today, as: world water resources, seas and oceans, their importance for the existence and further development of humanity. The paper extensively discusses the extraordinary resources and potential of the oceans, which provide enormous opportunities for the world's economic development. It is also noted here that all economic activities related to seas and oceans are united by the common term - "blue" economy, which was first used by the Belgian economist Gunter Pauli in 2004. The paper broadly presents the importance of the study and development of the "blue" economy in the inclusion of the Black Sea "blues" in international programs and its role for the sustainability and further success of the economy of the Black Sea region and in particular Georgia. Key words: seas and oceans, water resources, Gunter Paul, "blue" economy, economy without waste, "blueing" projects of the Black
2024-10-15
∘ Marina Muchiashvili ∘
STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT OF RISKS TO GOVERNMENT DEBT SUSTAINABILITY
Summary In order to assess the sustainability of government debt, changes in the structure of revenues payments of the state budget of Georgia are presented as a result of the pandemic. The impact of the mentioned changes on the dynamics of the ratio of government debt to GDP is shown. In addition, the dynamics of the government’s total and foreign debt in relation to GDP and the currency structure of
2024-10-15
STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT OF RISKS TO GOVERNMENT DEBT SUSTAINABILITY
Summary In order to assess the sustainability of government debt, changes in the structure of revenues payments of the state budget of Georgia are presented as a result of the pandemic. The impact of the mentioned changes on the dynamics of the ratio of government debt to GDP is shown. In addition, the dynamics of the government’s total and foreign debt in relation to GDP and the currency structure of
2024-10-15
∘ Kristine Omadze ∘
GEORGIA ON ITS WAY TO MARKET ECONOMY: REFORMS AND NECESSITY
Annotation.Transition from the planning economy to the market one requested the full scale reform program. There is no ideal economic order or system. Therefore, any socially attempts to carry out reforms designed for higher living – standards and the economic advance. A transition to market economy has been called for by a disintegration of a single economic area and a collapse of a planned economy system inherent to the former USSR. We have described the Georgian reform process from the planning to the Market economy system since 90’s. Keywords: economic reforms, transition, macro economy policy, models of economic development, Shock Therapy. The reasons, necessity and the Objective of the Reforms Georgia had been stricken by a severe economic crisis from the dissolution of the Soviet Union and had its own way of implementation the reform to overcome the crisis and to achieve the macroeconomic stability. Since that, a certain experience has already been
2024-10-15
GEORGIA ON ITS WAY TO MARKET ECONOMY: REFORMS AND NECESSITY
Annotation.Transition from the planning economy to the market one requested the full scale reform program. There is no ideal economic order or system. Therefore, any socially attempts to carry out reforms designed for higher living – standards and the economic advance. A transition to market economy has been called for by a disintegration of a single economic area and a collapse of a planned economy system inherent to the former USSR. We have described the Georgian reform process from the planning to the Market economy system since 90’s. Keywords: economic reforms, transition, macro economy policy, models of economic development, Shock Therapy. The reasons, necessity and the Objective of the Reforms Georgia had been stricken by a severe economic crisis from the dissolution of the Soviet Union and had its own way of implementation the reform to overcome the crisis and to achieve the macroeconomic stability. Since that, a certain experience has already been
2024-10-15
∘ Rusudan Papaskiri ∘
THE ROLE OF SECURITIES IN THE BUDGET IN INCREASING TAX REVENUE
Summary R. Papaskiri’s article – “The role of securities in the budget in increasing tax revenue” – studies an issue about recognition and non-recognition as a fraud of the fact of artificial increase of income by a company. The article proves that such action should not be considered as a fraud in Georgia so far as artificial increase of income will increase an income tax with the company and by this action the company gets loss instead of profit. And with large corporations abroad is just the contrary: though artificial increase of incomes increases their taxable base but extends their investment attractiveness. Keywords: Financial fraud, Taxable base, Stock market, Double-entry
2024-10-15
THE ROLE OF SECURITIES IN THE BUDGET IN INCREASING TAX REVENUE
Summary R. Papaskiri’s article – “The role of securities in the budget in increasing tax revenue” – studies an issue about recognition and non-recognition as a fraud of the fact of artificial increase of income by a company. The article proves that such action should not be considered as a fraud in Georgia so far as artificial increase of income will increase an income tax with the company and by this action the company gets loss instead of profit. And with large corporations abroad is just the contrary: though artificial increase of incomes increases their taxable base but extends their investment attractiveness. Keywords: Financial fraud, Taxable base, Stock market, Double-entry
2024-10-15
∘ MARINA TABATADZE ∘ Anna Tandilashvili ∘
Political Factor of Economic Stabilization
Summary Different stages of economic development form different political ideologies and public psychologies, which, in its turn, affect the main trends and perspectives of the development. Today, a new balance of forces and new interdependent relations are being formed in the world, in which a successful positioning, in addition to economic potential, requires the existence of political stability as a decisive factor of economic growth. In order to achieve economic success, countries must have real resources enabling political balance, as an unstable environment complicates integration processes, hinders the development of joint programs and international coordination of activities. Indeed, political stability is considered a crucial prerequisite for vital financial assistance and cooperation from the Commonwealth of Nations. Ensuring political stability and focusing on political vectors help to maximize the positive effects of integration and limit risks within the country. This
2024-10-15
Political Factor of Economic Stabilization
Summary Different stages of economic development form different political ideologies and public psychologies, which, in its turn, affect the main trends and perspectives of the development. Today, a new balance of forces and new interdependent relations are being formed in the world, in which a successful positioning, in addition to economic potential, requires the existence of political stability as a decisive factor of economic growth. In order to achieve economic success, countries must have real resources enabling political balance, as an unstable environment complicates integration processes, hinders the development of joint programs and international coordination of activities. Indeed, political stability is considered a crucial prerequisite for vital financial assistance and cooperation from the Commonwealth of Nations. Ensuring political stability and focusing on political vectors help to maximize the positive effects of integration and limit risks within the country. This
2024-10-15
∘ Goderdzi Tkeshelashvili ∘ Giorgi Melkadze ∘
FOR THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF THE MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ON THE ACTIVITY OF SHIPPING COMPANIES
Summary One of several transit corridors connecting Europe-Asia passes through Georgia, the shortest, the Middle Caucasus Corridor, although it is not distinguished by the volume of transported goods. Due to the hostilities between Russia and Ukraine and against the background of the sanctions announced by the West, it is possible for Russia to divert cargo (about 400 million tons) passing through the North Caucasus transit route to the middle corridor, for which Georgian carriers and logistics companies must be prepared, otherwise the cargo flows will be switched to alternative routes. The negative consequences caused by the sanctions affected E. year South direction as well. Challenges caused by Taliban Afghanistan were added to the southern route blocked by the Iranian factor. which created an insurmountable obstacle for the large-scale use of this transit corridor. The macroeconomic environment has the greatest influence on the activity of the transport and logistics
2024-10-15
FOR THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF THE MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ON THE ACTIVITY OF SHIPPING COMPANIES
Summary One of several transit corridors connecting Europe-Asia passes through Georgia, the shortest, the Middle Caucasus Corridor, although it is not distinguished by the volume of transported goods. Due to the hostilities between Russia and Ukraine and against the background of the sanctions announced by the West, it is possible for Russia to divert cargo (about 400 million tons) passing through the North Caucasus transit route to the middle corridor, for which Georgian carriers and logistics companies must be prepared, otherwise the cargo flows will be switched to alternative routes. The negative consequences caused by the sanctions affected E. year South direction as well. Challenges caused by Taliban Afghanistan were added to the southern route blocked by the Iranian factor. which created an insurmountable obstacle for the large-scale use of this transit corridor. The macroeconomic environment has the greatest influence on the activity of the transport and logistics
2024-10-15
∘ Lina Datunashvili ∘ Tengiz Kavtaradze ∘
PROBLEMS OF INNOVATIVE ECONOMY FORMATION AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL
Summary Innovative activity is a priority direction of the countrys development, the successful implementation of which should ensure overcoming economic backwardness and filling the market with various types of competitive products of own production. The experience of economic and developed countries shows that the winning enterprise or firm in the competitive battle is the one that builds its activities primarily on the basis of innovative policies. The innovative activity in Georgia's economy is currently at a very low level, Georgia was unprepared to work in the new conditions of the innovation field, because there was no proper experience and appropriate structures for the activity. At the national level, in the formation of the innovative economy in the old sakthveli, irrigation took a large place, both in the bar and in the mountains. A very special type of irrigation took place in Zemo Svaneti as well. From an innovative point of view, more attention should be paid to
2024-10-15
PROBLEMS OF INNOVATIVE ECONOMY FORMATION AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL
Summary Innovative activity is a priority direction of the countrys development, the successful implementation of which should ensure overcoming economic backwardness and filling the market with various types of competitive products of own production. The experience of economic and developed countries shows that the winning enterprise or firm in the competitive battle is the one that builds its activities primarily on the basis of innovative policies. The innovative activity in Georgia's economy is currently at a very low level, Georgia was unprepared to work in the new conditions of the innovation field, because there was no proper experience and appropriate structures for the activity. At the national level, in the formation of the innovative economy in the old sakthveli, irrigation took a large place, both in the bar and in the mountains. A very special type of irrigation took place in Zemo Svaneti as well. From an innovative point of view, more attention should be paid to
2024-10-15
∘ Tariel Gurbanov ∘ Asif Mustafaev ∘ Ilkin Bayramov ∘
CURRENCY REGULATION PROBLEMS OF CYCLICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE ECONOMY OF AZERBAIJAN
Annotation. The presented article examines the main features of currency regulation in the process of ensuring cyclic development. First of all, the essence of cyclical development for the modern period and the main economic indicators in the process of its provision are noted. Undoubtedly, the quantitative and qualitative changes in the global economy in recent years have created certain complexities in the inter-cycle interactions of cyclic development. In this regard, the article focuses on this factor and highlights the conditions for its provision for the Azerbaijani economy. The main emphasis is placed on currency issues. The main reason for this is that over the past 10 years there has been several devaluation processes in the Azerbaijani economy and its consequences are heavy for the economy. Therefore, the article tries to find an inter-cycle relationship of cyclic development and evaluates its main possibilities of influence. Keywords: cyclical development, currency,
2024-10-15
CURRENCY REGULATION PROBLEMS OF CYCLICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE ECONOMY OF AZERBAIJAN
Annotation. The presented article examines the main features of currency regulation in the process of ensuring cyclic development. First of all, the essence of cyclical development for the modern period and the main economic indicators in the process of its provision are noted. Undoubtedly, the quantitative and qualitative changes in the global economy in recent years have created certain complexities in the inter-cycle interactions of cyclic development. In this regard, the article focuses on this factor and highlights the conditions for its provision for the Azerbaijani economy. The main emphasis is placed on currency issues. The main reason for this is that over the past 10 years there has been several devaluation processes in the Azerbaijani economy and its consequences are heavy for the economy. Therefore, the article tries to find an inter-cycle relationship of cyclic development and evaluates its main possibilities of influence. Keywords: cyclical development, currency,
2024-10-15
∘ Leila Ghudushauril ∘
IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN GEORGIAN BANKING: IMPLICATIONS, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Summary Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a transformative force in various industries, and the banking sector is no exception. With the potential to revolutionize banking operations, improve customer experience, and enhance decision-making processes, AI will play a significant role in the future of banking. In today’s digital age, when financial institutions are trying to stay competitive and provide innovative services to their customers, the implementation of AI in banking is becoming especially relevant. Analyzing the challenges and opportunities associated with AI implementation is crucial for banks to effectively leverage its potential and navigate the evolving industry. In addition, policymakers and regulators in the banking sector must consider the ethics, legality, and safety of AI to ensure responsible and safe implementation. The article discusses and analyzes the challenges and opportunities arising from the implementation of artificial intelligence in
2024-10-15
IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN GEORGIAN BANKING: IMPLICATIONS, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Summary Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a transformative force in various industries, and the banking sector is no exception. With the potential to revolutionize banking operations, improve customer experience, and enhance decision-making processes, AI will play a significant role in the future of banking. In today’s digital age, when financial institutions are trying to stay competitive and provide innovative services to their customers, the implementation of AI in banking is becoming especially relevant. Analyzing the challenges and opportunities associated with AI implementation is crucial for banks to effectively leverage its potential and navigate the evolving industry. In addition, policymakers and regulators in the banking sector must consider the ethics, legality, and safety of AI to ensure responsible and safe implementation. The article discusses and analyzes the challenges and opportunities arising from the implementation of artificial intelligence in
2024-10-15
∘ Zurab Tsereteli ∘
PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPING THE NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND INCREASINGITS COMPETITIVENESS
Summary The national innovation system is the most important factor for achieving competitive advantages of innovative businesses and provides access to necessary resources, including financial issues, which are the most urgently needed in the implementation of innovative projects. Into article is discussed about functioning of the national innovation system, where the importance of innovation in the activities of modern enterprises is determined. It is also noted that one of the main directions of the state policy in the field of scientific, technical and innovative activities is the creation of innovative specialized entities (such as technological parks, technological business incubators, techno policies and high-tech companies) as well as the corresponding promotion of their functioning. It’s also shown some pitfalls for the development of innovations. In particular: 1) Underdeveloped connections between university’s scientific structures and industry; 2) Low
2024-10-15
PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPING THE NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND INCREASINGITS COMPETITIVENESS
Summary The national innovation system is the most important factor for achieving competitive advantages of innovative businesses and provides access to necessary resources, including financial issues, which are the most urgently needed in the implementation of innovative projects. Into article is discussed about functioning of the national innovation system, where the importance of innovation in the activities of modern enterprises is determined. It is also noted that one of the main directions of the state policy in the field of scientific, technical and innovative activities is the creation of innovative specialized entities (such as technological parks, technological business incubators, techno policies and high-tech companies) as well as the corresponding promotion of their functioning. It’s also shown some pitfalls for the development of innovations. In particular: 1) Underdeveloped connections between university’s scientific structures and industry; 2) Low
2024-10-15
∘ AYTAKIN GASAN AKHUNDOVA ∘
SWOT ANALYSIS OF EVENT TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN
Summary Over the past decades, tourism has become a mass phenomenon, covering all corners of the planet, there is a significant increase in the number of international trips, as well as the formation of new trends in the development of this area. Statistics confirms the steady growth of tourism, emphasizing its important role in global economic development. Compared to 1950, people today began to travel 52 times more. And this became possible due to rapid economic development, overall growth in income, increased free time, expansion of air traffic and simplification of visa procedures. In particular, according to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), in 1950 the number of tourists was 25 million, and tourism revenue was $ 2.1 billion. By the beginning of the 21st century - in 2000, the number of tourists reached 698 million, tourism revenue - more than $ 476 billion, international tourism accounted for 11% of the world's GDP and about 10% of jobs. And in 2023, according to the United
2024-10-15
SWOT ANALYSIS OF EVENT TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN
Summary Over the past decades, tourism has become a mass phenomenon, covering all corners of the planet, there is a significant increase in the number of international trips, as well as the formation of new trends in the development of this area. Statistics confirms the steady growth of tourism, emphasizing its important role in global economic development. Compared to 1950, people today began to travel 52 times more. And this became possible due to rapid economic development, overall growth in income, increased free time, expansion of air traffic and simplification of visa procedures. In particular, according to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), in 1950 the number of tourists was 25 million, and tourism revenue was $ 2.1 billion. By the beginning of the 21st century - in 2000, the number of tourists reached 698 million, tourism revenue - more than $ 476 billion, international tourism accounted for 11% of the world's GDP and about 10% of jobs. And in 2023, according to the United
2024-10-15
∘ Nana Kirvalidze ∘ Tamar Geliashvili ∘
CANNED PRODUCKS MARKET IN GEORGIA; A CHIEVEMENTS PROBLEMS
Summary This article discusses the market of Cannery production in Georgia: Dynamics of manufactor, the structure of assortment, the structure of production and cost price setting, the tendencies of export and import. Leader companies use natural material for getting ready cannery production, so in production cost price there are 40% percent expences on raw material, on manufacturing of production and transporting. The amount of export is increasing. It occurs teaching of the targeted consumer demand and the submission all the aspects of market complex with the consumer interest. Patriotic production in Georgia changed affluent import. The demand of the cannery production in the country is 160-170 millions of conditional jars. This article also describes the results of the survey for the safety of cannery production. 63% pecent of consumers are superiority of the only Georgian cannery producting. According to the 20% percent of consumers' opinion the data on the label of
2024-10-15
CANNED PRODUCKS MARKET IN GEORGIA; A CHIEVEMENTS PROBLEMS
Summary This article discusses the market of Cannery production in Georgia: Dynamics of manufactor, the structure of assortment, the structure of production and cost price setting, the tendencies of export and import. Leader companies use natural material for getting ready cannery production, so in production cost price there are 40% percent expences on raw material, on manufacturing of production and transporting. The amount of export is increasing. It occurs teaching of the targeted consumer demand and the submission all the aspects of market complex with the consumer interest. Patriotic production in Georgia changed affluent import. The demand of the cannery production in the country is 160-170 millions of conditional jars. This article also describes the results of the survey for the safety of cannery production. 63% pecent of consumers are superiority of the only Georgian cannery producting. According to the 20% percent of consumers' opinion the data on the label of
2024-10-15
∘ Ayan Ibrahim Mirzayeva ∘
ECONOMTERİC ANALYSİS OF KEY ECONOMİC İNDİCATORS İN THE TOURİSM SECTOR OF THE REPUBLİC OF AZERBAİJAN
Annotation. This research paper analyzes the relationship between the share of value added in the service sectors of the Azerbaijani economy in GDP (Y) and the volume of investments made in tourism-related sectors (X1), the number of foreigners and stateless persons accommodated in hotels and hotel-type establishments (X2), and the number of overnight stays by foreigners and stateless persons in hotels and hotel-type establishments (X3). Using the Eviews8 application software package, a regression model was constructed, graphical representations were analyzed, the correlation coefficient and descriptive statistics were calculated, and stationarity was investigated using the Dickey-Fuller test. Additionally, the presence of autocorrelation between the levels of time series was examined. The existence of heteroskedasticity in the constructed model was investigated using the White test. Keywords: econometric model, regression equation, F-Fisher criterion, T-Student criterion,
2024-10-15
ECONOMTERİC ANALYSİS OF KEY ECONOMİC İNDİCATORS İN THE TOURİSM SECTOR OF THE REPUBLİC OF AZERBAİJAN
Annotation. This research paper analyzes the relationship between the share of value added in the service sectors of the Azerbaijani economy in GDP (Y) and the volume of investments made in tourism-related sectors (X1), the number of foreigners and stateless persons accommodated in hotels and hotel-type establishments (X2), and the number of overnight stays by foreigners and stateless persons in hotels and hotel-type establishments (X3). Using the Eviews8 application software package, a regression model was constructed, graphical representations were analyzed, the correlation coefficient and descriptive statistics were calculated, and stationarity was investigated using the Dickey-Fuller test. Additionally, the presence of autocorrelation between the levels of time series was examined. The existence of heteroskedasticity in the constructed model was investigated using the White test. Keywords: econometric model, regression equation, F-Fisher criterion, T-Student criterion,
2024-10-15
∘ Nino Zhorzhikashvili ∘
INNOVATIONS AND CHALLENGES IN THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
Summary The paper discusses the current situation in the health care system of Georgia and highlights the main factors that influence the development of the health care sector in an innovative way. The problems of diffusion of innovations and hindering factors are analyzed, such as the cost-effectiveness of spending on health care, high prices and low availability of medicines, problems in the field of primary health care, signs of oligopoly in the mentioned field, scarce financing of the health sector, etc. Keywords: innovations in healthcare system, digital medicine, artificial
2024-10-15
INNOVATIONS AND CHALLENGES IN THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
Summary The paper discusses the current situation in the health care system of Georgia and highlights the main factors that influence the development of the health care sector in an innovative way. The problems of diffusion of innovations and hindering factors are analyzed, such as the cost-effectiveness of spending on health care, high prices and low availability of medicines, problems in the field of primary health care, signs of oligopoly in the mentioned field, scarce financing of the health sector, etc. Keywords: innovations in healthcare system, digital medicine, artificial
2024-10-15
∘ Megi Surmanidze ∘ Rostom Beridze ∘
THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE AND FACTORS WITH SOCIO-ECONOMIC INFLUENCES IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
Summary In the article Social acceptance, the main characteristics of social acceptance and factors with socio-economic influences in the tourism industry, a unified picture of social acceptance, its determining social factors is discussed., which are directly proportional to the economic aspects of business, indicators, current and future perspectives of business, development. The article analyzes the connections between social acceptance, social interaction and social emotional experience, according to their determining characteristics, main challenges. The article presents the importance of social acceptance for relationships in tourism, business relationships, relationships between tourists and the host community, and relationships between tourists and tourists, social acceptance is a process, the prerequisites of which are created by the cultural awareness, taste, thinking, perception and evaluation skills of the society, their attitudes towards foreign tourists, the
2024-10-15
THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE AND FACTORS WITH SOCIO-ECONOMIC INFLUENCES IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
Summary In the article Social acceptance, the main characteristics of social acceptance and factors with socio-economic influences in the tourism industry, a unified picture of social acceptance, its determining social factors is discussed., which are directly proportional to the economic aspects of business, indicators, current and future perspectives of business, development. The article analyzes the connections between social acceptance, social interaction and social emotional experience, according to their determining characteristics, main challenges. The article presents the importance of social acceptance for relationships in tourism, business relationships, relationships between tourists and the host community, and relationships between tourists and tourists, social acceptance is a process, the prerequisites of which are created by the cultural awareness, taste, thinking, perception and evaluation skills of the society, their attitudes towards foreign tourists, the
2024-10-15
∘ Irakli Kvaraia ∘
THE UNIQUE FINANCING OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE MONASTIC COMPLEX ON MAKHATA MOUNTAIN AND THE PROBLEMS OF ITS COMPLETION
Summary The construction of the church and monastery complex named after the icon of the Mother of God of Iveria on the Makhata mountain in Tbilisi is considered one of the main attempts by the Georgian nation, which is devoted to the Mother of God, to grasp and recognize its own responsibility before her. The rather long process of selecting a suitable area for the construction of such a high-level monastic complex was completed in 2002. A few years later, several attempts to involve people living in Georgia and beyond, to start construction and ensure its continuous financing, ended in vain. Only in 2010, after the establishment of the "Iveriisa" Foundation, it was decided that the necessary funds should be mobilized at the expense of each GEL donated in the name of living and dead people, which has no analogues in the world. The main goal of the fund was to introduce the importance of this initiative to the broad layers of society and to
2024-10-15
THE UNIQUE FINANCING OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE MONASTIC COMPLEX ON MAKHATA MOUNTAIN AND THE PROBLEMS OF ITS COMPLETION
Summary The construction of the church and monastery complex named after the icon of the Mother of God of Iveria on the Makhata mountain in Tbilisi is considered one of the main attempts by the Georgian nation, which is devoted to the Mother of God, to grasp and recognize its own responsibility before her. The rather long process of selecting a suitable area for the construction of such a high-level monastic complex was completed in 2002. A few years later, several attempts to involve people living in Georgia and beyond, to start construction and ensure its continuous financing, ended in vain. Only in 2010, after the establishment of the "Iveriisa" Foundation, it was decided that the necessary funds should be mobilized at the expense of each GEL donated in the name of living and dead people, which has no analogues in the world. The main goal of the fund was to introduce the importance of this initiative to the broad layers of society and to
2024-10-15
∘ Ketevan Kveladze ∘ Medea Melashvili ∘ Nunu Kistauri ∘
"BLUE" TOURISM AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Summary The paper discusses one of the growing sectors of the economy, such as "blue" tourism, which is closely related to the development of tourism and the "blue" economy. "Blue" tourism recreational activities in coastal waters represent at least 50% of the global tourism sector. In recent years, for many tourist countries, it has become an important source of income growth and thus raising the level of well-being of the population. It is noted in the paper that the expansion of the scale of "blue" tourism is accompanied by negative ecological-economic and social impacts in the coastal and marine zones, which is why the sector has a special responsibility to protect and implement strict environmental requirements. The importance of the study and sustainable development of "blue" tourism is widely presented in the work, which is based on quite interesting digital material. The economic-ecological problems of the development of the field are discussed and general ways of their
2024-10-15
"BLUE" TOURISM AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Summary The paper discusses one of the growing sectors of the economy, such as "blue" tourism, which is closely related to the development of tourism and the "blue" economy. "Blue" tourism recreational activities in coastal waters represent at least 50% of the global tourism sector. In recent years, for many tourist countries, it has become an important source of income growth and thus raising the level of well-being of the population. It is noted in the paper that the expansion of the scale of "blue" tourism is accompanied by negative ecological-economic and social impacts in the coastal and marine zones, which is why the sector has a special responsibility to protect and implement strict environmental requirements. The importance of the study and sustainable development of "blue" tourism is widely presented in the work, which is based on quite interesting digital material. The economic-ecological problems of the development of the field are discussed and general ways of their
2024-10-15
∘ Elene Chikovani ∘
ABOUT SOME ISSUES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
Summary The article characterizes problems of the development of equal opportunities in high education. Reviewes disadvantages characterized for the current model of financing of the high education of Georgia which, in some cases, creates drawback bariers for the development of the equal opportunities and accesses to the high education. Analyses the tendencies formed in the development of the public and private sectors of higher education in Georgia. The issues of the necessity to the crossing -over to the new model of the finincing of the high education is raised. Positive and negative sides of the existing model of the funding of high education is given. The models of the funding of the high education in different countries of the world are characterized. The proposals for the development of the alternative sources of the finincing are suggested, which help forward of the development the equal opportunities and the access to
2024-10-15
ABOUT SOME ISSUES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
Summary The article characterizes problems of the development of equal opportunities in high education. Reviewes disadvantages characterized for the current model of financing of the high education of Georgia which, in some cases, creates drawback bariers for the development of the equal opportunities and accesses to the high education. Analyses the tendencies formed in the development of the public and private sectors of higher education in Georgia. The issues of the necessity to the crossing -over to the new model of the finincing of the high education is raised. Positive and negative sides of the existing model of the funding of high education is given. The models of the funding of the high education in different countries of the world are characterized. The proposals for the development of the alternative sources of the finincing are suggested, which help forward of the development the equal opportunities and the access to
2024-10-15
∘ Ana Tsulaia ∘ Levan Mikava ∘
THE ROLE OF MUNICIPAL MARKETING IN SELF-GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT
Summary In modern conditions, the responsibility of the bodies of the self-governing unit is to solve issues of local importance, which are impossible only by using the traditional methods of self-government. Recently, issues of municipal marketing have been actively discussed, although examples of its use in Georgian municipalities are very few. Implementation of municipal marketing is undeservedly given little attention because self-governing bodies focus on solving current problems, while municipal marketing is focused both on researching specific requirements and on achieving long-term goals. Municipal marketing, as one of the tools of market relations, is aimed at revealing the internal advantages of the territory, attracting investments, which is a prerequisite for increasing the competitiveness of the municipality. Accordingly, the introduction and implementation of municipal marketing contributes to the socio-economic development of self-government. Key words:
2024-10-15
THE ROLE OF MUNICIPAL MARKETING IN SELF-GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT
Summary In modern conditions, the responsibility of the bodies of the self-governing unit is to solve issues of local importance, which are impossible only by using the traditional methods of self-government. Recently, issues of municipal marketing have been actively discussed, although examples of its use in Georgian municipalities are very few. Implementation of municipal marketing is undeservedly given little attention because self-governing bodies focus on solving current problems, while municipal marketing is focused both on researching specific requirements and on achieving long-term goals. Municipal marketing, as one of the tools of market relations, is aimed at revealing the internal advantages of the territory, attracting investments, which is a prerequisite for increasing the competitiveness of the municipality. Accordingly, the introduction and implementation of municipal marketing contributes to the socio-economic development of self-government. Key words:
2024-10-15
∘ Svetlana Verytelnyk ∘
UKRAINE UND DEUTSCHLAND: STRATEGISCHE PARTNERSCHAFT UNTER KRIEGSBEDINGUNGEN
Nach dem Beginn von Russlands groß angelegter Invasion der Ukraine wurden nicht nur für die Ukraine, sondern auch für die europäischen Staaten neue Sicherheitsherausforderungen aktuell. Deutschland als „Lokomotive“ der EU und Hauptvertreter ihrer Interessen, eine der führenden Demokratien des Westens, die gemessen am BIP an erster Stelle in Europa steht, hat eine wichtige Stimme bei der Lösung internationaler Probleme auf der europäischen Agenda und bleibt ein wichtiger strategischer Partner der Ukraine auf dem Weg zur europäischen Integration. Deutschland bleibt einer der Schlüsselspieler im System der internationalen Beziehungen, von dessen Position unsere weitere europäische und euroatlantische Integration abhängt. Der Artikel analysiert die strategische Partnerschaft zwischen der Ukraine und Deutschland im Kontext des militärischen Konflikts. Es werden die historischen, politischen,
2024-10-15
UKRAINE UND DEUTSCHLAND: STRATEGISCHE PARTNERSCHAFT UNTER KRIEGSBEDINGUNGEN
Nach dem Beginn von Russlands groß angelegter Invasion der Ukraine wurden nicht nur für die Ukraine, sondern auch für die europäischen Staaten neue Sicherheitsherausforderungen aktuell. Deutschland als „Lokomotive“ der EU und Hauptvertreter ihrer Interessen, eine der führenden Demokratien des Westens, die gemessen am BIP an erster Stelle in Europa steht, hat eine wichtige Stimme bei der Lösung internationaler Probleme auf der europäischen Agenda und bleibt ein wichtiger strategischer Partner der Ukraine auf dem Weg zur europäischen Integration. Deutschland bleibt einer der Schlüsselspieler im System der internationalen Beziehungen, von dessen Position unsere weitere europäische und euroatlantische Integration abhängt. Der Artikel analysiert die strategische Partnerschaft zwischen der Ukraine und Deutschland im Kontext des militärischen Konflikts. Es werden die historischen, politischen,
2024-10-15
∘ Larisa Takalandze ∘
COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN GEORGIA AND EUROPEAN UNION SUPPORT
Annotation. Fighting the difficulties caused by the pandemic required significant financial resources, which was a special challenge for the country with the economic potential of Georgia. In particular, in order to mitigate the consequences of the pandemic, it was necessary to implement measures to contain the virus and mobilize additional medical resources, social support of citizens, save businesses and promote the economy. In order to alleviate the damage caused by the pandemic in 2020, the Georgian authorities developed an anti-crisis plan, and in order to finance the measures provided for in this plan, changes were made in the state budget. The paper discusses the support provided by the European Union to Georgia in the socio-economic field during the coronavirus COVID- 19 pandemic. Key words: Georgia, European Union, Support, Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic. Introduction In June 2014, the European Union and Georgia signed the Association Agreement (AA), which entered
2024-10-15
COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN GEORGIA AND EUROPEAN UNION SUPPORT
Annotation. Fighting the difficulties caused by the pandemic required significant financial resources, which was a special challenge for the country with the economic potential of Georgia. In particular, in order to mitigate the consequences of the pandemic, it was necessary to implement measures to contain the virus and mobilize additional medical resources, social support of citizens, save businesses and promote the economy. In order to alleviate the damage caused by the pandemic in 2020, the Georgian authorities developed an anti-crisis plan, and in order to finance the measures provided for in this plan, changes were made in the state budget. The paper discusses the support provided by the European Union to Georgia in the socio-economic field during the coronavirus COVID- 19 pandemic. Key words: Georgia, European Union, Support, Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic. Introduction In June 2014, the European Union and Georgia signed the Association Agreement (AA), which entered
2024-10-15
∘ Nunu Kistauri ∘ Medea Melashvili ∘ Ketevan Kveladze ∘
INTERNATIONAL TOURISM AND SOME ISSUES OF ECONOMIC SECURITY RELATED IN THE WORLD AND IN GEORGIA
Summary The paper discusses one of the steadily growing sectors of the world economy, such as international tourism: it has become an important source of income growth for tourist countries and thus raising the level of well-being of the population in recent years. The paper mentions that international tourism is subject to many risks and is under various threats, such as ecological, economic, political threats. In the work, the economic threats of the development of the mentioned field, as well as the consequences of their impact on the economy, are presented, and the ways of their elimination are proposed. The paper deals with the influence of international tourism, in particular, on the development of the tourism sphere of Georgia, which is based on quite interesting digital material. Keywords: international tourism, economic threats, WTO, (World Trade Organization), UNWTO (United Nations World Tourism Organization), WTTC (World Travel & Tourism Council), tourism in
2024-10-15
INTERNATIONAL TOURISM AND SOME ISSUES OF ECONOMIC SECURITY RELATED IN THE WORLD AND IN GEORGIA
Summary The paper discusses one of the steadily growing sectors of the world economy, such as international tourism: it has become an important source of income growth for tourist countries and thus raising the level of well-being of the population in recent years. The paper mentions that international tourism is subject to many risks and is under various threats, such as ecological, economic, political threats. In the work, the economic threats of the development of the mentioned field, as well as the consequences of their impact on the economy, are presented, and the ways of their elimination are proposed. The paper deals with the influence of international tourism, in particular, on the development of the tourism sphere of Georgia, which is based on quite interesting digital material. Keywords: international tourism, economic threats, WTO, (World Trade Organization), UNWTO (United Nations World Tourism Organization), WTTC (World Travel & Tourism Council), tourism in
2024-10-15
∘ Giorgi Kharshiladze ∘
DYNAMICS OF GEORGIA-EU TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS IN THE NEW GEOPOLITICAL REALITY
Summary Throughout the 30-year history of Georgia-EU relations, there have been dates when Georgia has consistently moved from one stage to a qualitatively higher and more important stage. In this regard, December 14, 2023 is a very important date, when the 27 member states of the European Union unanimously made a historic decision for our country regarding granting the status of a candidate for the European Union. As a result, Georgia-EU relations have moved to a new stage. Added to all this was the Russia-Ukraine war, which essentially changed the geopolitical and economic situation both in Europe and in the rest of the world. The mentioned process will affect Georgia to some extent, because the strategic location of Georgia may play an essential role in both the political and economic aspects of Georgia-EU, because the EU itself is trying to make the internal economy even more diversified, through new suppliers or a road map. This process is analyzed in the current
2024-10-15
DYNAMICS OF GEORGIA-EU TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS IN THE NEW GEOPOLITICAL REALITY
Summary Throughout the 30-year history of Georgia-EU relations, there have been dates when Georgia has consistently moved from one stage to a qualitatively higher and more important stage. In this regard, December 14, 2023 is a very important date, when the 27 member states of the European Union unanimously made a historic decision for our country regarding granting the status of a candidate for the European Union. As a result, Georgia-EU relations have moved to a new stage. Added to all this was the Russia-Ukraine war, which essentially changed the geopolitical and economic situation both in Europe and in the rest of the world. The mentioned process will affect Georgia to some extent, because the strategic location of Georgia may play an essential role in both the political and economic aspects of Georgia-EU, because the EU itself is trying to make the internal economy even more diversified, through new suppliers or a road map. This process is analyzed in the current
2024-10-15
∘ Gulnaz Erkomaishvili ∘
LABOR SECURITY ECONOMIC POLICY TRENDS IN GEORGIA
Summary The paper discusses the challenges in the field of labor safety in Georgia, the trends of the economic policy of labor safety. It is noted that it is very important to ensure safe working conditions in the workplace. Both employees and employers should pay close attention to this direction. The Department of Inspection of Working Conditions, due to the importance of its generally accepted functions and the nature of the tasks assigned to it, plays an important role in ensuring compliance with labor rights and other issues related to labor legislation. The aim of the study is to evaluate the state occupational safety policy in Georgia and to look for ways for its effective implementation. Based on the identified challenges in the field of occupational safety and foreign experience, recommendations for the implementation of economic policy measures to promote occupational safety were developed. Keywords: Occupational safety, challenges of occupational safety, government
2024-10-15
LABOR SECURITY ECONOMIC POLICY TRENDS IN GEORGIA
Summary The paper discusses the challenges in the field of labor safety in Georgia, the trends of the economic policy of labor safety. It is noted that it is very important to ensure safe working conditions in the workplace. Both employees and employers should pay close attention to this direction. The Department of Inspection of Working Conditions, due to the importance of its generally accepted functions and the nature of the tasks assigned to it, plays an important role in ensuring compliance with labor rights and other issues related to labor legislation. The aim of the study is to evaluate the state occupational safety policy in Georgia and to look for ways for its effective implementation. Based on the identified challenges in the field of occupational safety and foreign experience, recommendations for the implementation of economic policy measures to promote occupational safety were developed. Keywords: Occupational safety, challenges of occupational safety, government
2024-10-15
∘ Nana Menabdishvili ∘
SOME ISSUES ABOUT EMIGRATION FROM GEORGIA
Summary The modern era can be characterized as the "age of migration", because almost all countries of the world are involved in migration processes. The mass movement of the population between the states significantly changes the general picture of settlement and the demographic, ethnic, racial, social structure of the population of individual countries. Georgia is charted in migration processes. The quantitative decline and aging of the country's population is somewhat influenced by emigration processes. The presented paper conveys some issues of emigration based on sociological research conducted in almost all regions of Georgia in 2023. Almost a quarter of the respondents have a family member in emigration. Emigrants flow from all parts of Georgia, although the highest rate of emigrants (37%) comes from Tbilisi. The population of Georgia from all age groups is involved in emigration. But most of the emigrants (68.8) are of fertile age. That is, the generation that can
2024-10-15
SOME ISSUES ABOUT EMIGRATION FROM GEORGIA
Summary The modern era can be characterized as the "age of migration", because almost all countries of the world are involved in migration processes. The mass movement of the population between the states significantly changes the general picture of settlement and the demographic, ethnic, racial, social structure of the population of individual countries. Georgia is charted in migration processes. The quantitative decline and aging of the country's population is somewhat influenced by emigration processes. The presented paper conveys some issues of emigration based on sociological research conducted in almost all regions of Georgia in 2023. Almost a quarter of the respondents have a family member in emigration. Emigrants flow from all parts of Georgia, although the highest rate of emigrants (37%) comes from Tbilisi. The population of Georgia from all age groups is involved in emigration. But most of the emigrants (68.8) are of fertile age. That is, the generation that can
2024-10-15
∘ Lela Menabdishvili ∘
DEMOGRAPHY IS DESTINY
Summary The presented article discusses the demographic situation of Georgia in the new century. Statistical material and various forecasts are used. A comparison of current statistics and forecasts shows that the demographic situation in the country is more severe than what was predicted by the forecasts. The country has an aging population and a low birth rate. Today, Georgia actually has a smaller population than the UN predicted with a low option. The median age of the population of Georgia is constantly increasing. The main reason for the increase in the median age is the decrease in the birth rate. Last year, the least number of children were born in the country. This indicator is 1.5 times lower than the same indicator of 2014. According to today's data, the forecasts are correct, the birth rate per 1,000 people in 2015 was 15.9, since then it has been decreasing every year and reached 10.8 in 2023. The total birth rate cannot provide even simple reproduction, that is, there
2024-10-15
DEMOGRAPHY IS DESTINY
Summary The presented article discusses the demographic situation of Georgia in the new century. Statistical material and various forecasts are used. A comparison of current statistics and forecasts shows that the demographic situation in the country is more severe than what was predicted by the forecasts. The country has an aging population and a low birth rate. Today, Georgia actually has a smaller population than the UN predicted with a low option. The median age of the population of Georgia is constantly increasing. The main reason for the increase in the median age is the decrease in the birth rate. Last year, the least number of children were born in the country. This indicator is 1.5 times lower than the same indicator of 2014. According to today's data, the forecasts are correct, the birth rate per 1,000 people in 2015 was 15.9, since then it has been decreasing every year and reached 10.8 in 2023. The total birth rate cannot provide even simple reproduction, that is, there
2024-10-15
∘ Elene Chikovani ∘ Gvantsa Baramidze ∘
SOCIAL PROTECTION OF UNEMPLOYEDPERSONS IN GEORGIA
Summary Article is devoted to the problems of formation of the social protection policy of unemployed persons in Georgia. Single outs factors conditioned disadvantages of the labor market and no adequacy and irrelevancy of the active and passive labor market instruments used in the country. The main deficiencies of the integrated labor market policy with the programs of social protection of vulnerable groups of population are stressed out. Current and future results of such policies are evaluated. Authors opinions on eradication of the existed gaps and determination of priority policy instruments are substantiated. The cancelation integrated with the social protection programs of the vulnerable groups of population and its replacement by the priority labor market mechanisms, in the medium and long run, used in countries with market economies are recommended. Key words: Social Protection of Unemployed; Labor market Policy; Social protection of vulnerable
2024-10-15
SOCIAL PROTECTION OF UNEMPLOYEDPERSONS IN GEORGIA
Summary Article is devoted to the problems of formation of the social protection policy of unemployed persons in Georgia. Single outs factors conditioned disadvantages of the labor market and no adequacy and irrelevancy of the active and passive labor market instruments used in the country. The main deficiencies of the integrated labor market policy with the programs of social protection of vulnerable groups of population are stressed out. Current and future results of such policies are evaluated. Authors opinions on eradication of the existed gaps and determination of priority policy instruments are substantiated. The cancelation integrated with the social protection programs of the vulnerable groups of population and its replacement by the priority labor market mechanisms, in the medium and long run, used in countries with market economies are recommended. Key words: Social Protection of Unemployed; Labor market Policy; Social protection of vulnerable
2024-10-15